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So FPTT is associated with two different types of D antigen and three different types of Ce antigens (Table IV). These results suggest that a similar amino acid sequence corresponding to the FPTT antigen is encoded by D genes and by CE genes. Since the genes are highly homologous and proteins very similar, it is possible that similar changes may have occurred. Several mechanisms could be involved: mutation, recombination or gene conversion have been invoked in other blood group systems to explain rare phenotypes. The large number of Rh antigens and their quantitative and qualitative variants will not be easy to explain. Variation in the Rh genes may explain some variants but we know that Rh expression is affected by suppressors unlinked to RH, homozygosity of one unlinked suppressor causes the regulator type of Rhnu|j. Mutation in one of the genes encoding a non-Rh protein required for formation of the Rh protein complex may affect the presentation of some Rh antigens at the cell surface. Rh groups will continue to be clinically and immunologically important until their genetic control is fully understood. Xga AND THE RELATED 12E7 ANTIGEN Unlike Rh antigens, Xga is not clinically significant but was a very valuable marker for studies of the X chromosome. Our interest in Xga and the related 12E7 antigen was rekindled recently by a report of PBDX, a candidate gene for XG [38], and by speculation of the role of 12E7 antigen as an adhesion molecule [39,40]. Xga is red cell specific; in contrast, 12E7 antigen is almost ubiquitous. 12E7 antigen, the MIC2 gene product, has been numbered CD99 at the fifth Leucocyte Workshop and this
DOI link for So FPTT is associated with two different types of D antigen and three different types of Ce antigens (Table IV). These results suggest that a similar amino acid sequence corresponding to the FPTT antigen is encoded by D genes and by CE genes. Since the genes are highly homologous and proteins very similar, it is possible that similar changes may have occurred. Several mechanisms could be involved: mutation, recombination or gene conversion have been invoked in other blood group systems to explain rare phenotypes. The large number of Rh antigens and their quantitative and qualitative variants will not be easy to explain. Variation in the Rh genes may explain some variants but we know that Rh expression is affected by suppressors unlinked to RH, homozygosity of one unlinked suppressor causes the regulator type of Rhnu|j. Mutation in one of the genes encoding a non-Rh protein required for formation of the Rh protein complex may affect the presentation of some Rh antigens at the cell surface. Rh groups will continue to be clinically and immunologically important until their genetic control is fully understood. Xga AND THE RELATED 12E7 ANTIGEN Unlike Rh antigens, Xga is not clinically significant but was a very valuable marker for studies of the X chromosome. Our interest in Xga and the related 12E7 antigen was rekindled recently by a report of PBDX, a candidate gene for XG [38], and by speculation of the role of 12E7 antigen as an adhesion molecule [39,40]. Xga is red cell specific; in contrast, 12E7 antigen is almost ubiquitous. 12E7 antigen, the MIC2 gene product, has been numbered CD99 at the fifth Leucocyte Workshop and this
So FPTT is associated with two different types of D antigen and three different types of Ce antigens (Table IV). These results suggest that a similar amino acid sequence corresponding to the FPTT antigen is encoded by D genes and by CE genes. Since the genes are highly homologous and proteins very similar, it is possible that similar changes may have occurred. Several mechanisms could be involved: mutation, recombination or gene conversion have been invoked in other blood group systems to explain rare phenotypes. The large number of Rh antigens and their quantitative and qualitative variants will not be easy to explain. Variation in the Rh genes may explain some variants but we know that Rh expression is affected by suppressors unlinked to RH, homozygosity of one unlinked suppressor causes the regulator type of Rhnu|j. Mutation in one of the genes encoding a non-Rh protein required for formation of the Rh protein complex may affect the presentation of some Rh antigens at the cell surface. Rh groups will continue to be clinically and immunologically important until their genetic control is fully understood. Xga AND THE RELATED 12E7 ANTIGEN Unlike Rh antigens, Xga is not clinically significant but was a very valuable marker for studies of the X chromosome. Our interest in Xga and the related 12E7 antigen was rekindled recently by a report of PBDX, a candidate gene for XG [38], and by speculation of the role of 12E7 antigen as an adhesion molecule [39,40]. Xga is red cell specific; in contrast, 12E7 antigen is almost ubiquitous. 12E7 antigen, the MIC2 gene product, has been numbered CD99 at the fifth Leucocyte Workshop and this
ABSTRACT