ABSTRACT
I n previou s chapter s we learne d about th e natur e o f hormones , metaboli c path -
ways , an d th e effect s o f suc h hormone s a s insul in , glucagon , epinephrine , a n d
the glucocorticoid s o n individua l metaboli c reaction s a n d enzymes . T h e objec -
tive o f thi s chapter is to look a t the overal l picture of hormonal control of interme-
diary metabolism, tha t is, to integrat e th e metabolism s o f th e thre e majo r source s
of energy : carbohydrates , l ipids , an d proteins . T o illustrate thes e interrelation-
ships, w e examin e thre e metaboli c states : th e fe d state , th e fastin g state , an d th e
diabetic state . Last , w e shoul d remembe r tha t norma l metabolis m take s plac e i n
an oxyge n atmospher e an d tha t C 0 2 i s th e en d produc t o f metaboli c activity .
Surprisingly, larg e amounts o f informatio n on metaboli c activit y can be garnere d
from dat a o n 0 2 consumptio n an d C 0 2 production in h u m an beings. S u c h mea -
surements serv e a s a basis fo r calculatin g minimal h u m a n energy requirements ,
a n d sampl e calculation s are presented a t the en d o f thi s chapter .
