ABSTRACT
Thisfactordiffersfromtheotherswe'veconsideredinseveralways.First,itsimultaneouslyaffectsbothbolttensionandclampingforce.Mostofthepreviousvariableswould affectboth,butnotinthesameassembly.Second,theexternalloadmayberelativelyeasyto quantify,comparedatleasttosuchfactorsasoperatoraccuracyortorque-tensionscatter.Third, thiseffectwillprobablybeunavoidable.Toolsandoperatorsmayperformperfectly,insome assembliesatleast,butallassemblieshavebeendesignedtocarryanexternalload.Whenwe combinethis"certain"variationwiththeearlier"probabilistic"ones,therefore,we'readding applestoorangesandwillundoubtedlydistressourneighborhoodexpertonprobability.ButI thinktheprocedureisuseful.
