ABSTRACT
The number of computerized databases has been increasing rapidly over the past three decades. The advent of the Internet as well as networking capabilities has made the access to data and information much easier. For example, users can now access large quantities of information in a short space of time. As more and more tools and technologies are being developed to access and use the data, there is also now an urgent need to protect the data. Many government and industrial organizations have sensitive and classified data that has to be protected. Various other organizations such as academic institutions also have sensitive data about their students and employees. As a result, techniques for protecting the data stored in Database Management Systems (DBMSs) have become an urgent need.
