ABSTRACT
A key issue in network design is realizability, which is related to num-
ber of PEs, network topology, network latency and bisection bandwidth,
memory bandwidth, pin count and wire density constraints, multithread-
ing, and prefetching. Several other important ideas are currently ex-
ploited and may aect the design of future parallel and distributed sys-
tems. For example,
One-chip processors [91, 530],
Superscalar processors with speculative execution (reaching up to
32 instructions per cycle) [434, 677],
Lightweight processes and microthreading for improving branch
prediction accuracy, cache hit rate, and prefetch eectiveness [61,
101, 646],
Recongurable systems [696],
Holographic memory [560],
Intelligent RAM integrating processor functions into memory [531],
Multivalued memory [155],
Optical ber communications [42, 489], and
Evolutionary computing, which complements Nature's massive par-
allelism with eÆcient mapping and approximation techniques [38].
