ABSTRACT
Operational Planning. Finally, the short-term operation of water supply and distribution systems may require very frequent adjustments in response to demand variations in order to minimise costs (especially energy). Relevant demand variation will be diurnal, by day of the week, and by month and season, to cover weather, season and holiday patterns as well as the regular domestic and industrial activities of consumers. Prediction taking account of the above factors is necessary for system optimisation in successive control periods - typically hours. Thus extremely short-term forecasting is required, but it is only very recently that automatic analysis of the large amount of data generated by telemetry has begun to be carried out by water undertakings for prediction purposes.
