ABSTRACT
Osmotic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Gels DIETRICH WOERMANN Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Koln, Koln, Germany
I. Description of the Membrane System 272 II. Phenomenological Treatment 273
A. Entropy production 273 B. Linear laws 275 C. Reflection coefficient 278 D. Hyperfiltration 279
III. Predictions of the Osmotic Properties of a Polyelectrolyte Gel Membrane on the Basis of the Model with Narrow Pores 279 A. Description of the model 279 B. Osmotic properties in the presence of a single electrolyte in
the bulk phases 283 C. Osmotic properties in the presence of mixed electrolyte
solutions in the bulk phases 290 IV. Mosaic Membranes 297 V. Early Studies of Osmosis with "Leaky" Membranes in Contact
with Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions 300 VI. Conclusion 302
VII. List of Symbols 303 Appendix 304 References 308
The phenomena of positive and negative osmosis observed with polyelectrolyte gel membranes separating two aqueous electrolyte solutions are analyzed. The analysis is focused on two aspects: treatment of the
osmotic phenomena in terms of the linear laws of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes of discontinuous systems and in terms of a model, the model of the membrane with narrow pores. This approach makes it possible to predict the experimental conditions under which positive and negative osmosis will be observed. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data.
