ABSTRACT
Coatings are used for substrate protection and/or to provide decorative functions (color, gloss, uniformity, etc.). Although some surface defects such as orange peel, "telegraphing," or picture framing usually do not influence a coating's protective properties, they can seriously degrade a coating's appearance. Other surface defects such as cratering, fisheyes, and poor substrate wetting not only degrade visual appearance but also the protective functions of the coating. For these reasons, the elimination of surface defects has a history that goes as far back as the coatings industry.
