ABSTRACT
Industrial hygiene measures to reduce silicosis have been highly effective in most industries. These measures include strategies such as substituting other materials for silica (e.g., iron carbide in sandblasting applications), replacing human workers with machines at dusty locations (drilling machines that work at the tunnel faces of mines), spraying water on grinding surfaces (tool manufacture), extracting air at high volume from the grinding surface (stone polishing), or providing respiratory protection and an indepen dent air source for workers (sandblast engraving). Most of these measures require technol ogy and a substantial investment and thus are used most widely in the industrialized na tions.
