ABSTRACT
The continually increasing demands on maximum attainable operating limits in n1echanical sealing systems have necessitated the search for and development of new seal face materials. Ceramic seal materials have successfully substituted metals and alloys in seal applications by virtue of their superior physical, chemical, and tribological properties. Among ceramics of different types, the carbides have made excellent seal material candidates and are primru.ily responsible for significant improvements in seal performance. Seal evaluation criteria have not been standardized; however, the PV test is frequently used to assess operating limits. Seal failures are related to material characteristics and operating conditions. Several wear/failure mechanisms may operate simultaneously, thus adding to the severity of a particular application.
