ABSTRACT
The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the methods for reducing the adverse effects of roads on nature and managing their ecological impacts. The emphasis is on 'introduc-tion' because, in the space available, it is not possible to provide a detailed account of the methods, especially the technical details. Some examples of the technical details have been taken from the literature and the main topics reviewed in the context of road literature. Appendix II presents a guide to ecological impact assessments (EciAs) and excerpts from three such assess-ments are given in Appendix III. The purpose of these examples is to demonstrate the wide variety with respect to level and detail found in EciAs. The first is simplistic assessment while the third is a good example of the minimum that should be expected.
