ABSTRACT
A short mitochondrial collar, containing scattered mitochondria, granular material (putative glycogen), cytoplasm, and vacuoles, surrounds the anterior portion of the tail but is separated from it by the cytoplasmic canal (Figs 5.23A, 5.24E-H, M). This collar is attached only to the centriolar/neck region of the spermatozoon and the cytoplasmic canal extends posteriorly from the level of the base of the distal centriole. In Hyla, Plectrohyla matudai and Pseudacris the cytoplasmic canal ends anteriorly well short of the distal centriole. A mitochondrial collar and cytoplasmic canal are absent from the spermatozoon of Phyllomedusa vaillanti. In this species the mitochondria are located around the base of the nucleus, as also occurs in Litoria dahlii, though, a short mitochondrial collar is present in L. dahlii. The mitochondria have welldeveloped linear cristae and may be either spherical and constant or variable in size and shape (Fig. 5.24E, G, FI, M).
