ABSTRACT
REDD+ Same as REDD but with (1) conservation, (2) sustainable management of forests, and (3) enhancement of forest carbon stocks
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
In its simplest formulation, the global carbon cycle consists of four terms (atmosphere, land, ocean, and fossil fuels) (Table 23.1). The natural f luxes of carbon between land and atmosphere are 120-150 PgC/year (1 petagram carbon equals 1015 gC, or 1 billion metric ton C, or 3.67 billion metric ton CO2), as a result of global photosynthesis and respiration (including fire). Similar f luxes of 90-120 PgC/year occur between ocean and atmosphere as a result of physical, chemical, and biological processes. These are not the f luxes of the global carbon budget, however. Instead, the global carbon budget usually refers to the anthropogenic perturbation to the global carbon budget. The f luxes resulting from anthropogenic perturbation are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the natural f lows (Table 23.1).
