ABSTRACT
SUMMARY. PR-10 is a group of pathognesis-related proteins that are induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. In conifers, PR-10 proteins and their genes were isolated and characterized. In some species, there is a multi-gene family encoding PR-10 proteins. These PR-10 proteins were shown to be up-regulated by pathogens in two conifer pathosystems and were associated with overwintering of conifers. In western white pine, the level of PR-10 protein is associated with frost hardines of white pine
Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah is Senior Research Scientist, Forest Biotechnology, Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada.
