ABSTRACT
Millimetre (mm) 1 in = 25.4 mm : 1 mm = 0.0394 in Metre (m) 1 ft = 0.3048 m : 1 m = 3.2808 ft Kilometre (km) 1 yd = 0.9144 m : 1 m = 1.0936 yd Kilometre (km) 1 mile = 1.6093 km : 1 km = 0.6214 mile
NOTE : 1 cm = 10 mm 1 ft = 12 in 1 m = 100 cm 1 yd = 3 ft 1 km = 1000 m 1 mile = 1760 yd
AREA
Square Millimetre (mm2) 1 in2 = 645.2 mm2 : 1 mm2 = 0.0016 in2
Square Centimetre (cm2) 1 in2 = 6.4516 cm2 : 1 cm2 = 0.1550 in2
Square Metre (m2) 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2 : 1 m2 = 10.764 ft2
Square Metre (m2) 1 yd2 = 0.8361 m2 : 1 m2 = 1.1960 yd2
Square Kilometre (km2) 1 mile2 = 2.590 km2 : 1 km2 = 0.3861 mile2
Hectare (ha) 1 acre = 0.405 ha : 1 ha = 2.471 acre
NOTE : 1 cm2 = 100 mm2 1 ft2 = 144 in2
1 m2 = 10000 cm2 1 yd2 = 9 ft2
1 km2 = 100 ha 1 mile2 = 640 acre 1 acre = 4840 yd2
VOLUME
Cubic Centimetre (cm3) 1 cm3 = 0.0610 in3 : 1 in3 = 16.387 cm3
Cubic Decimetre (dm3) 1 dm3 = 0.0353 ft3 : 1 ft3 = 28.329 dm3
Cubic Metre (m3) 1 m3 = 35.315 ft3 : 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3
Cubic Metre (m3) 1 m3 = 1.3080 yd3 : 1 yd3 = 0.7646 m3
Litre (L) 1 L = 1.76 pint : 1 pint = 0.5683 L Litre (L) 1 L = 2.113 US pt : 1 pint = 0.4733 US L Litre (L) 1L = 0.220 gal 1 gal = 4.546 L
NOTE : 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3 1 ft3 = 1728 in3
1 m3 = 1000 dm3 1 yd3 = 27 ft3
1 L = 1 dm3 1 pint = 20 fl oz 1 HL = 100 L 1 gal = 8 pints
MASS
Milligram (mg) 1 mg = 0.0154 grain : 1 grain = 64.935 mg Gram (g) 1 g = 0.0353 oz : 1 oz = 28.35 g Kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 2.2046 lb : 1 lb = 0.4536 kg Kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 0.020 cwt : 1 cwt = 50.802 kg Tonne (t) 1 t = 0.9842 ton : 1 ton = 1.016 t
NOTE : 1 g = 1000 mg 1 oz = 437.5 grains 1 kg = 1000 g 1 lb = 16 oz 1 t = 1000 kg 1 stone = 14 lb
1 cwt = 112 lb 1 ton = 20 cwt
CONVERSION TABLES
646 Tables and Memoranda
FORCE
Newton (N) 1 lb f = 4.448 N : 1 kg f = 9.807 N Kilonewton (kN) 1 lb f = 0.004448 kN : 1 ton f = 9.964 kN Meganewton (MN) 100 ton f = 0.9964 MN
POWER
Kilowatt (kW) 1 kW = 1.341 HP : 1 HP = 0.746 kW
PRESSURE AND STRESS
Kilonewton 1 lb f/in2 = 6.895 kN/m2
per square metre (kN/m2) 1 bar = 100 kN/m2
1 ton f/ft2 = 107.3 kN/m2
1 kg f/cm2 = 98.07 kN/m2
1 lb f/ft2 = 0.0479 kN/m2
TEMPERATURE
Degrees oC = 5 / 9 (oF − 32o) oF = 9 / 5 x (oC + 32)
CONVERSION TABLES
Tables and Memoranda 647
Two dimensional figures
Figure Area
Triangle 0.5 x base x height, or √(s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)) where s = 0.5 x the sum of the three sides and a, b and c are the lengths of the three sides, or a2 = b2 + c2 − 2 x bc x COS A where A is the angle opposite side a
Hexagon 2.6 x (side)2
Octagon 4.83 x (side)2
Trapezoid height x 0.5 (base + top)
Circle 3.142 x radius2 or 0.7854 x diameter2
(circumference = 2 x 3.142 x radius or 3.142 x diameter)
Sector of a circle 0.5 x length of arc x radius
Segment of a circle area of sector − area of triangle
Ellipse of a circle 3.142 x AB (where A = 0.5 x height and B = 0.5 x length)
Spandrel 3/14 x radius2
Three dimensional figures
Figure Volume Surface Area
Prism x height Area of base x height circumference of base
Cube (length of side) cubed 6 x (length of side)2
Cylinder 3.142 x radius2 x height 2 x 3.142 x radius x (height − radius)
Sphere 4/3 x 3.142 x radius3 4 x 3.142 x radius2
Segment of a sphere [(3.142 x h)/6] x (3 x r2 + h2) (2 x 3.142 x r x h)
Pyramid 1/3 x (area of base x height) 0.5 x circumference of base x slant height
FORMULAE
648 Tables and Memoranda
Fractions Decimals mm Fractions Decimals mm
1/64 0.015625 0.396875 33/64 0.515625 13.096875 1/32 0.03125 0.79375 17/32 0.53125 13.49375 3/64 0.046875 1.190625 35/64 0.546875 13.890625 1/16 0.0625 1.5875 9/16 0.5625 14.2875 5/64 0.078125 1.984375 37/64 0.578125 14.684375 3/32 0.09375 2.38125 19/32 0.59375 15.08125 7/64 0.109375 2.778125 39/64 0.609375 15.478125 1/8 0.125 3.175 5/8 0.625 15.875 9/64 0.140625 3.571875 41/64 0.640625 16.271875 5/32 0.15625 3.96875 21/32 0.65625 16.66875 11/64 0.171875 4.365625 43/64 0.671875 17.065625 3/16 0.1875 4.7625 11/16 0.6875 17.4625
13/64 0.203125 5.159375 45/64 0.703125 17.859375 7/32 0.21875 5.55625 23/32 0.71875 18.25625
15/64 0.234375 5.953125 47/64 0.734375 18.653125 1/4 0.25 6.35 3/4 0.75 19.05
17/64 0.265625 6.746875 49/64 0.765625 19.446875 9/32 0.28125 7.14375 25/32 0.78125 19.84375
19/64 0.296875 7.540625 51/64 0.796875 20.240625 5/16 0.3125 7.9375 13/16 0.8125 20.6375
21/64 0.328125 8.334375 53/64 0.828125 21.034375 11/32 0.34375 8.73125 27/32 0.84375 21.43125 23/64 0.359375 9.128125 55/64 0.859375 21.828125 3/8 0.375 9.525 7/8 0.875 22.225
25/64 0.390625 9.921875 57/64 0.890625 22.621875 13/32 0.40625 10.31875 29/32 0.90625 23.01875 27/64 0.421875 10.71563 59/64 0.921875 23.415625 7/16 0.4375 11.1125 15/16 0.9375 23.8125
29/64 0.453125 11.50938 61/64 0.953125 24.209375 15/32 0.46875 11.90625 31/32 0.96875 24.60625 31/64 0.484375 12.30313 63/64 0.984375 25.003125 1/2 0.5 12.7 1.0 1 25.4
FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND MILLIMETRE EQUIVALENTS
Tables and Memoranda 649
SWG Diameter SWG Diameter No inches mm No inches mm
7/0 0.5 12.7 23 0.024 0.61 6/0 0.464 11.79 24 0.022 0.559 5/0 0.432 10.97 25 0.02 0.508 4/0 0.4 10.16 26 0.018 0.457 3/0 0.372 9.45 27 0.0164 0.417 2/0 0.348 8.84 28 0.0148 0.376 1/0 0.324 8.23 29 0.0136 0.345 1 0.3 7.62 30 0.0124 0.315 2 0.276 7.01 31 0.0116 0.295 3 0.252 6.4 32 0.0108 0.274 4 0.232 5.89 33 0.01 0.254 5 0.212 5.38 34 0.009 0.234 6 0.192 4.88 35 0.008 0.213 7 0.176 4.47 36 0.008 0.193 8 0.16 4.06 37 0.007 0.173 9 0.144 3.66 38 0.006 0.152
10 0.128 3.25 39 0.005 0.132 11 0.116 2.95 40 0.005 0.122 12 0.104 2.64 41 0.004 0.112 13 0.092 2.34 42 0.004 0.102 14 0.08 2.03 43 0.004 0.091 15 0.072 1.83 44 0.003 0.081 16 0.064 1.63 45 0.003 0.071 17 0.056 1.42 46 0.002 0.061 18 0.048 1.22 47 0.002 0.051 19 0.04 1.016 48 0.002 0.041 20 0.036 0.914 49 0.001 0.031 21 0.032 0.813 50 0.001 0.025 22 0.028 0.711
IMPERIAL STANDARD WIRE GAUGE (SWG)
650 Tables and Memoranda
Imperial
Head Pressure Head Pressure Feet lb/in2 Feet lb/in2
1 0.43 70 30.35 5 2.17 75 32.51
10 4.34 80 34.68 15 6.5 85 36.85 20 8.67 90 39.02 25 10.84 95 41.18 30 13.01 100 43.35 35 15.17 105 45.52 40 17.34 110 47.69 45 19.51 120 52.02 50 21.68 130 56.36 55 23.84 140 60.69 60 26.01 150 65.03 65 28.18
Metric
Head Pressure Head Pressure m bar m bar
0.5 0.049 18.0 1.766 1.0 0.098 19.0 1.864 1.5 0.147 20.0 1.962 2.0 0.196 21.0 2.06 3.0 0.294 22.0 2.158 4.0 0.392 23.0 2.256 5.0 0.491 24.0 2.354 6.0 0.589 25.0 2.453 7.0 0.687 26.0 2.551 8.0 0.785 27.0 2.649 9.0 0.883 28.0 2.747
10.0 0.981 29.0 2.845 11.0 1.079 30.0 2.943 12.0 1.177 32.5 3.188 13.0 1.275 35.0 3.434 14.0 1.373 37.5 3.679 15.0 1.472 40.0 3.924 16.0 1.57 42.5 4.169 17.0 1.668 45.0 4.415
1 bar = 14.5038 lbf/in2
1 lbf/in2 = 0.06895 bar 1 metre = 3.2808 ft or 39.3701 in 1 foot = 0.3048 metres 1 in wg = 2.5 mbar (249.1 N/m2)
WATER PRESSURE DUE TO HEIGHT
Tables and Memoranda 651
Mild Steel Bar
Diameter Weight Diameter Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
6 0.22 20 2.47 10 0.62 25 3.85 12 0.89 30 5.55 16 1.58 32 6.31
Mild Steel Flat
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
15 x 3 0.36 15 x 5 0.59 20 x 3 0.47 20 x 5 0.79 25 x 3 0.59 25 x 5 0.98 30 x 3 0.71 30 x 5 1.18 40 x 3 0.94 40 x 5 1.57 45 x 3 1.06 45 x 5 1.77 50 x 3 1.18 50 x 5 1.96
20 x 6 0.94 20 x 8 1.26 25 x 6 1.18 25 x 8 1.57 30 x 6 1.41 30 x 8 1.88 40 x 6 1.88 40 x 8 2.51 45 x 6 2.12 45 x 8 2.83 50 x 6 2.36 50 x 8 3.14 55 x 6 2.60 55 x 8 3.45 60 x 6 2.83 60 x 8 3.77 65 x 6 3.06 65 x 8 4.08 70 x 6 3.30 70 x 8 4.40 75 x 6 3.53 75 x 8 4.71
100 x 6 4.71 100 x 8 6.28
20 x 10 1.57 20 x 12 1.88 25 x 10 1.96 25 x 12 2.36 30 x 10 2.36 30 x 12 2.83 40 x 10 3.14 40 x 12 3.77 45 x 10 3.53 45 x 12 4.24 50 x 10 3.93 50 x 12 4.71 55 x 10 4.32 55 x 12 5.12 60 x 10 4.71 60 x 12 5.65 65 x 10 5.10 65 x 12 6.12 70 x 10 5.50 70 x 12 6.59 75 x 10 5.89 75 x 12 7.07
100 x 10 7.85 100 x 12 9.42
TABLE OF WEIGHTS FOR STEELWORK
652 Tables and Memoranda
Mild Steel Equal Angle
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
13 x 013 x 3 0.56 60 x 060 x 10 8.69 20 x 020 x 3 0.88 70 x 070 x 10 10.30 25 x 025 x 3 1.11 75 x 075 x 10 11.05 30 x 030 x 3 1.36 80 x 080 x 10 11.90 40 x 040 x 3 1.82 90 x 090 x 10 13.40 45 x 045 x 3 2.06 100 x 100 x 10 15.00 50 x 050 x 3 2.30 120 x 120 x 10 18.20
150 x 156 x 10 23.00
30 x 030 x 6 2.56 75 x 075 x 12 13.07 40 x 040 x 6 3.52 80 x 080 x 12 14.00 45 x 045 x 6 4.00 90 x 090 x 12 15.90 50 x 050 x 6 4.47 100 x 120 x 12 21.60 60 x 060 x 6 5.42 120 x 120 x 12 21.90 70 x 070 x 6 6.38 150 x 150 x 12 27.30 75 x 075 x 6 6.82 200 x 200 x 12 36.74 80 x 080 x 6 7.34 90 x 090 x 6 8.30
40 x 040 x 8 4.55 50 x 050 x 8 5.82 60 x 060 x 8 7.09 70 x 070 x 8 8.36 75 x 075 x 8 8.96 80 x 080 x 8 9.63 90 x 090 x 8 10.90
100 x 100 x 8 12.20 120 x 120 x 8 14.70
Mild Steel Unequal Angle
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
40 x 025 x 6 2.79 100 x 065 x 10 12.30 50 x 040 x 6 4.24 100 x 075 x 10 13.00 60 x 030 x 6 3.99 125 x 075 x 10 15.00 65 x 050 x 6 5.16 150 x 075 x 10 17.00 75 x 050 x 6 5.65 150 x 090 x 10 18.20 80 x 060 x 6 6.37 200 x 100 x 10 23.00
125 x 075 x 6 9.18
75 x 050 x 8 7.39 100 x 075 x 12 15.40 80 x 060 x 8 8.34 125 x 075 x 12 17.80
100 x 065 x 8 9.94 150 x 075 x 12 20.20 100 x 075 x 8 10.60 150 x 090 x 12 21.60 125 x 075 x 8 12.20 200 x 100 x 12 27.30 137 x 102 x 8 14.88 200 x 150 x 12 32.00
TABLE OF WEIGHTS FOR STEELWORK
Tables and Memoranda 653
Rolled Steel Channels
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
32 x 27 2.80 178 x 076 20.84 38 x 19 2.49 178 x 079 26.81 51 x 25 4.46 203 x 076 23.82 51 x 38 5.80 203 x 089 29.78 64 x 25 6.70 229 x 076 26.06 76 x 38 7.46 229 x 089 32.76 76 x 51 9.45 254 x 076 28.29
102 x 51 10.42 254 x 089 35.74 127 x 64 14.90 305 x 089 41.67 152 x 76 17.88 305 x 102 46.18 152 x 89 23.84 381 x 102 55.10
Rolled Steel Joists
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
76 x 038 6.25 152 x 076 17.86 76 x 076 12.65 152 x 089 17.09
102 x 044 7.44 152 x 127 37.20 102 x 064 9.65 178 x 102 21.54 102 x 102 23.06 203 x 102 25.33 127 x 076 13.36 203 x 152 52.03 127 x 114 26.78 254 x 114 37.20 127 x 114 29.76 254 x 203 81.84
305 x 203 96.72
Universal Columns
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
152 x 152 23.00 254 x 254 89.00 152 x 152 30.00 254 x 254 107.00 152 x 152 37.00 254 x 254 132.00 203 x 203 46.00 254 x 254 167.00 203 x 203 52.00 305 x 305 97.00 203 x 203 60.00 305 x 305 118.00 203 x 203 71.00 305 x 305 137.00 203 x 203 86.00 305 x 305 158.00 254 x 254 73.00 305 x 305 198.00
TABLE OF WEIGHTS FOR STEELWORK
654 Tables and Memoranda
Universal Beams
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
203 x 133 25.00 305 x 127 48.00 203 x 133 30.00 305 x 165 40.00 254 x 102 22.00 305 x 165 46.00 254 x 102 25.00 305 x 165 54.00 254 x 102 28.00 356 x 127 33.00 254 x 146 31.00 356 x 127 39.00 254 x 146 37.00 356 x 171 45.00 254 x 146 43.00 356 x 171 51.00 305 x 102 25.00 356 x 171 57.00 305 x 102 28.00 356 x 171 67.00 305 x 102 33.00 381 x 152 52.00 305 x 127 37.00 381 x 152 60.00 305 x 127 42.00 381 x 152 67.00
Circular Hollow Sections
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
21.3 x 3.2 1.43 76.1 x 03.2 5.75 26.9 x 3.2 1.87 76.1 x 04.0 7.11 33.7 x 2.6 1.99 76.1 x 05.0 8.77 33.7 x 3.2 2.41 88.9 x 03.2 6.76 33.7 x 4.0 2.93 88.9 x 04.0 8.36 42.4 x 2.6 2.55 88.9 x 05.0 10.30 42.4 x 3.2 3.09 114.3 x 03.6 9.83 42.4 x 4.0 3.79 114.3 x 05.0 13.50 48.3 x 3.2 3.56 114.3 x 06.3 16.80 48.3 x 4.0 4.37 139.7 x 05.0 16.60 48.3 x 5.0 5.34 139.7 x 06.3 20.70 60.3 x 3.2 4.51 139.7 x 08.0 26.00 60.3 x 4.0 5.55 139.7 x 10.0 32.00 60.3 x 5.0 6.82 168.3 x 05.0 20.10
TABLE OF WEIGHTS FOR STEELWORK
Tables and Memoranda 655
Square Hollow Sections
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
20 x 20 x 2.0 1.12 90 x 090 x 03.6 9.72 20 x 20 x 2.6 1.39 90 x 090 x 05.0 13.30 30 x 30 x 2.6 2.21 90 x 090 x 06.3 16.40 30 x 30 x 3.2 2.65 100 x 100 x 04.0 12.00 40 x 40 x 2.6 3.03 100 x 100 x 05.0 14.80 40 x 40 x 3.2 3.66 100 x 100 x 06.3 18.40 40 x 40 x 4.0 4.46 100 x 100 x 08.0 22.90 50 x 50 x 3.2 4.66 100 x 100 x 10.0 27.90 50 x 50 x 4.0 5.72 120 x 120 x 05.0 18.00 50 x 50 x 5.0 6.97 120 x 120 x 06.3 22.30 60 x 60 x 3.2 5.67 120 x 120 x 08.0 27.90 60 x 60 x 4.0 6.97 120 x 120 x 10.0 34.20 60 x 60 x 5.0 8.54 150 x 150 x 05.0 22.70 70 x 70 x 3.2 7.46 150 x 150 x 06.3 28.30 70 x 70 x 5.0 10.10 150 x 150 x 08.0 35.40 80 x 80 x 3.6 8.59 150 x 150 x 10.0 43.60 80 x 80 x 5.0 11.70 80 x 80 x 6.3 14.40
Rectangular Hollow Sections
Size Weight Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) (mm) (kg/m)
50 x 30 x 2.6 3.03 120 x 080 x 05.0 14.80 50 x 30 x 3.2 3.66 120 x 080 x 06.3 18.40 60 x 40 x 3.2 4.66 120 x 080 x 08.0 22.90 60 x 40 x 4.0 5.72 120 x 080 x 10.0 27.90 80 x 40 x 3.2 5.67 150 x 100 x 05.0 18.70 80 x 40 x 4.0 6.97 150 x 100 x 06.3 23.30 90 x 50 x 3.6 7.46 150 x 100 x 08.0 29.10 90 x 50 x 5.0 10.10 150 x 100 x 10.0 35.70
100 x 50 x 3.2 7.18 160 x 080 x 05.0 18.00 100 x 50 x 4.0 8.86 160 x 080 x 06.3 22.30 100 x 50 x 5.0 10.90 160 x 080 x 08.0 27.90 100 x 60 x 3.6 8.59 160 x 080 x 10.0 34.20 100 x 60 x 5.0 11.70 200 x 100 x 05.0 22.70 100 x 60 x 6.3 14.40 200 x 100 x 06.3 28.30 120 x 60 x 3.6 9.72 200 x 100 x 08.0 35.40 120 x 60 x 5.0 13.30 200 x 100 x 10.0 43.60 120 x 60 x 6.3 16.40
TABLE OF WEIGHTS FOR STEELWORK
656 Tables and Memoranda
Outside Diameter (mm)
Internal Diameter (mm)
Weight per Metre
(kg)
Internal Diameter (mm)
Weight per Metre
(kg)
Internal Diameter (mm)
Weight per Metre
(kg)
Formerly Table X Formerly Table Y Formerly Table Z
6 4.80 0.0911 4.40 0.1170 5.00 0.0774
8 6.80 0.1246 6.40 0.1617 7.00 0.1054
10 8.80 0.1580 8.40 0.2064 9.00 0.1334
12 10.80 0.1914 10.40 0.2511 11.00 0.1612
15 13.60 0.2796 13.00 0.3923 14.00 0.2031
18 16.40 0.3852 16.00 0.4760 16.80 0.2918
22 20.22 0.5308 19.62 0.6974 20.82 0.3589
28 26.22 0.6814 25.62 0.8985 26.82 0.4594
35 32.63 1.1334 32.03 1.4085 33.63 0.6701
42 39.63 1.3675 39.03 1.6996 40.43 0.9216
54 51.63 1.7691 50.03 2.9052 52.23 1.3343
76.1 73.22 3.1287 72.22 4.1437 73.82 2.5131
108 105.12 4.4666 103.12 7.3745 105.72 3.5834
133 130.38 5.5151 – – 130.38 5.5151
159 155.38 8.7795 – – 156.38 6.6056
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF COPPER PIPES TO BSEN 1057, BSEN 12499, BSEN 14251
Tables and Memoranda 657
Outside Diameter
(mm)
Maximum Outside Diameter (mm)
Minimum Outside Diameter (mm)
Wall Thickness
(mm)
Working Pressure
(bar)
6 6.045 5.940 0.6 330
8 8.045 7.940 0.6 260
10 10.045 9.940 0.6 210
12 12.045 11.940 0.6 170
15 15.045 14.940 0.6 140
18 18.045 17.940 0.7 135
22 22.055 21.950 0.7 110
28 28.055 27.950 0.8 121
35 35.070 34.965 1.0 100
42 42.070 41.965 1.1 91
54 54.090 53.940 1.2 77
DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL PIPES TO BS 4127
658 Tables and Memoranda
Nominal Size
Approx. Outside Diameter
Outside Diameter Thickness
Light Medium & Heavy Light Medium Heavy
Max. Min. Max. Min.
