ABSTRACT
Construction of new roads, especially major highways, nearly always involves the movement of soil and rock prior to building the road pavement. General aspects of earthwork operations are described in many textbooks. Some special features of earthworks in tropical rocks and soils are described in Overseas Road Note 31 (TRL 1993) and by Millard (1993). Earthwork operations may be classified as:
• Clearing and grubbing • Excavation • Construction of embankments • Compaction • Finishing operations.
