Task and training requirements analysis methodology (TTRAM): an analytic methodology for identifying potential training uses of simulator networks in teamwork-intensive task environments

The structure and composition of a team can vary greatly, ranging from a twoperson crew to a force consisting of thousands of individuals and sub-groups, each of which becomes an integral part of a larger collective team. As individuals are added to a team, not only does the overall pool of resources increase, but so do the co-ordination demands associated with completing team tasks. In large-scale systems, decision making is often distributed over several individuals or teams, who are geographically separated, but who must co-ordinate to share information and resources. In some cases, team performance gains resulting from an increase

in task-related resources (due to increases in team size) can be offset by coordination demands (Shaw 1976). This phenomenon, known as process loss (Forsyth 1983), is well documented in the literature and has been attributed to a lack of generic teamwork skills (Swezey et al. 1994).