ABSTRACT
In pre-industrial society, human muscles accounted for much of the energy used in production of goods and services. The individual and the work group had hands-on control of the hazards associated with these energies. At the same time, humans were at the mercy of nature and its hazards, as represented by weather extremes, wild animals, etc. Accidents were viewed as a phenomenon beyond human control. They were determined by fate or were a punishment for sin.
