ABSTRACT
The techniques which are given the most detailed coverage in this book are scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the analytical techniques which are made available by using them. At the simplest level an SEM can be thought of as providing images of external morphology, rather similar in appearance to those formed by the eye, while a TEM probes the internal structure of solids and gives us access to microstructural or ultrastructural detail not familiar to the human eye. In both cases several different types of image can be formed. Consequently it is necessary to understand not only how such microscopes work, but also how to interpret the images which they produce. This is particularly true for the TEM, and accounts for the length of Chapter 4.
