ABSTRACT
Turning data—numbers, symbols, stories, words, and observations—into information useful to decision makers in the development and implementation of policy and programs presents a continuous challenge for consultants. Figure 1 illustrates this transformation. Data are converted into information. Information then produces knowledge that when utilized results in either discernable action or additional planning and strategy development. The simplicity of the figure belies the complexity of the transformation processes. Stumbling blocks that reduce the odds of data utilization exist at each stage. The transformation is often further complicated by the conflicting needs of multiple end users.
