ABSTRACT
Equation (2) shows the role that shear plays in the buckling behavior short columns. The initial loading response of paper in compression is dominated by the elastic modulus E , but buckling is influenced by the ratio E/G (actually, ^md/^md-zd or £cd/Gcd-zd> assuming that the paper is loaded in either the machine or cross-machine direction.) E /G begins to dominate as the slenderness decreases (column gets shorter). The unusually high E/G ratio in paper also means that clamping and loading specimens in compression require considerable care to suppress unwanted clamping and edge effects. Donner [13] examined the
