ABSTRACT
IV. Physical and Mechanical Properties 666 A. Density and Caliper 6 6 6 B. Crepe Frequency 669 C. Basis Weight and Spatial Mass Distribution 670 D. Tensile Characteristics 676 E. Lateral Compression Properties 679 F. Flexural Rigidity and Bending Modulus 682 G. Surface Characterization 683 H. Other Physical Characteristics 689 I. Softness Properties 690
V. Summary and Concluding Remarks 696
References 696
I. INTRODUCTION
The primary distinguishing characteristic of the towel and tissue paper grades is their low density. From here on, we will use the terms tissue and towel grades and low density grades interchangeably. In addition to this characteristic, the low density grade is commonly low in basis weight, low in strength and stiffness, high in stretch, particularly in the machine direction (MD), and highly absorbent. The apparent
density of tissue and towel grades is generally below 300 kg/m3, and the basis weight is generally less than 35g/m 2 for tissue and less than 50g/m2 for towel grades. Low density paper grades are used primarily in sanitary applications such as bathroom and facial tissue and in household applications such as kitchen towels and dinner napkins.
