ABSTRACT

"This valuable resource provides detailed health and safety information on the hazardous and toxic properties of over 1,000 heavily used industrial and consumer chemicals. Lists chemicals both alphabetically and numerically according to their Chemical Abstract Service number permitting rapid access to specific data!"

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SOURCES OF TOXICITY DATA

The following is a listing of major sources and references the reader can refer to in obtaining additional information on the toxicity of chemicals. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS) Annual Report on Carcinogens Section 301(b)(4) of the Public Health Service Act, as amended In addition, these reports are to provide information on the nature and degree of exposures to such carcinogens, and the extent to which Federal regulations are effective in reducing the risk to the public health from exposures to these substances. II. NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM (NTP)

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Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis

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screen. Chemicals which are shown to be mutagenic in Phase I assays progress to Phase II. In addition, a certain number of chemicals giving negative results in Phase I are committed also to further testing in Phase II, based primarily on known biological activity of structurally related compounds, and on estimated levels of human exposure. Chemicals which are positive mutagens in Phase progress to Phase III. III. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION'S (WHO) INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans In the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a program of evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. "The objective of the program to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs, critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for groups of chemicals to which humans are known to be exposed, to evaluate these data in terms of human risk . . . and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed." The IARC Monographs are recognized an authoritative source of information on the carcinogenicity of environmental chemicals. The first users' survey, made in 1976, indicates that the monographs are consulted routinely by various agencies in 24 countries. IV. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA) A List of Substances Which May Be Candidates for Further Scientific Review and Possible Identification, Classification and Regulation Potential Occupational Carcinogens. Publication of this list by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration the first action taken in following the "Cancer Standard" procedures promulgated by OSHA in January, 1980.

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Compilation of this list is the initial step in OSHA's screening process for suspected carcinogens. To compile this list, substances for which there was some evidence of carcinogenicity and potential occupational hazard were drawn from such lists the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS); U.S. Public Health Service, Publication No. 149; EPA's Inventory of Chemical Substances; the monographs of the International Agency for Research on Cancer; and the Annual Report of the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress. The substances which are found in American work places, and for which there some evidence of carcinogenicity, are subjected to a brief scientific review of available literature to determine whether or not a substance should be subject to a more thorough review under the OSHA Cancer Policy. Based on the more detailed review, a determination may then be made to whether a substance meets OSHA's definition of a potential occupational carcinogen. Substances Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on the Basis of Carcinogenicity Since 1970, OSHA has promulgated rules regulating 18 chemicals on the basis of carcinogenicity. V. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH) A. Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ••• develops and periodically revises Criteria Documents that

recommend standards for occupational exposure to chemical and physical hazards. The NIOSH critically evaluates all known and available medical, biological, engineering, chemical, and trade data and informa- tion that may be relevant to recommending a standard in the criteria document.

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of an occupational health Standard." or are of a "Current Intelligence Bulletin." or teratogenic of Chemicals Having Substantial Evidence of of the of Pesticides and Toxic Substances to develop labeling regulations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. of information used in selecting chemicals as candidates for the

B. Current Intelligence Bulletins In January 1975, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a Current Intelligence Bulletin System to " ... promptly review, evaluate, and supplement new information reviewed NIOSH on occupational hazards that are either unrecognized

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potential risk of cancer to humans; and chemicals which CAG reviewed because one or more of three organizations (The International Agency for Research on Cancer, the National Toxicology Program Bioassay Program, and the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) concluded that these chemicals are potential human carcinogens. Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency Section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (P.L. 94469) established the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (lTC) with representation from many of the Federal research and regulatory agencies. This Committee has the continuing responsibility to identify and recommend to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, chemical substances or mixtures which should be tested to determine their hazard to human health or the environment. In the ITC review and recommendation of selected chemicals, priority attention given to those individual or groups of chemical substances or mixtures which are known to cause or contribute to, or which are suspected of causing or contributing to cancer, gene mutations, or birth defects. The list, and reasons for making each recommendation, are required to be published in the Federal Register. Since 1977, the lTC has published eight reports which contain a total of 46 chemical substances or categories of chemicals. One chemical has been removed from the 4( e) Priority List because EPA responded to the Committee's recommendation for testing. Toxic Substances Control Act: Substantial Risk Notification Under Section 8(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA), anyone who obtains information which reasonably supports the conclusion that a substance presents a substantial risk of injury to human health or the environment must notify the Environmental Protection Agency within days. These notices are then reviewed by the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. An initial evaluation of the substance is prepared containing, if appropriate, followup questions to the submitter, referrals

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to other agencies, and decisions to list the chemical for a Section 8 reporting rule or to undertake a formal risk assessment. D. Toxic Substances Control Act: Premanufacture Notification (PMN) Under Section 5(a)(l) of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA) anyone who intends to introduce into commerce a chemical substance not on the 1977 TSCA Inventory must notify the EPA at least 90 days before beginning manufacture or importation. The EPA is to use the review period to determine if the substance might present an unreasonable risk. Upon such determination, the EPA may issue an order to prohibit manufacture and may then apply to the court for an injunction to this effect. In the absence of such an order or immediate rule, the manufacturer may proceed with the plans to introduce the substance. The EPA publishes in the Federal Register a summary of each PMN five days after its receipt. E. List of Hazardous Constituents, Appendix VIII of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 Subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), directs the EPA to promulgate regulations to protect human health and the environ-ment from the improper management of hazardous wastes. Part 261 of this Act defines a hazardous waste to be a substance or mixture which may " been shown in reputable scientific studies compiled by the EPA, to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on humans or other life forms. The Appendix used by the Agency to identify those toxic constituents which, if present in a waste, could result in the waste being placed on the hazardous waste list. Appendix VIII presently contains 330 chemical substances and 29 classes of chemical substances. The EPA expects to add other

cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness, or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when it improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed . . . " Appendix VIII of Part 261 is a list of toxic chemicals that have

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TOXICOLOGICAL AND HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES DATA

96-86-2 ***ACETOPHENONE (ACP)

chapter |1 pages

*** 2-AMIN0-5-NITROTHIAZOLE

121-66-4

chapter |2 pages

*** 3-AMINO-S-TRIAZOLE (AMITROLE)

61-82-5

chapter |11 pages

*** ANILAZINE

101-05-3

chapter |5 pages

mE mE

mAT OF 98-50-0 ARSANILIC ACID mERE IS INADEQUATE EVIDENCE FOR mERE SUFFICIENT EVI- mAT INORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS ARE SKIN AND mE mAT

chapter |8 pages

*** ARYL PHOSPHATES

CLASS-01

chapter |3 pages

*** BENZ(C)ACRIDINE

225-51-4

chapter |4 pages

*** BENZENE

chapter |3 pages

*** BENZIDINE CONGENER DYES

chapter |2 pages

*** BENZO(A)FLUORENE

chapter |12 pages

*** BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE

191-24-2

chapter |12 pages

*** BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE

7787-49-7

chapter |2 pages

*** BIS(2,2-EPOXYCYCLOPENTENYL) ETHER

2386-90-5

chapter |7 pages

*** BITUMENS (FROM PETROLEUM REFINING)

chapter |20 pages

*** 1,4-BUTANEDIOL DIMETHANESULPHONATE

chapter |2 pages

*** CARBON BLACKS

chapter |4 pages

*** CARBON MONOXIDE

CONDUCTED IN DOWNTOWN SEATTLE DURING

chapter |25 pages

*** CHLORAL HYDRATE

302-17-0 133-90-4

chapter |3 pages

*** CHLOROMETIIYL METHYL ETHER (CMME)

107-30-2

chapter |8 pages

*** CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES

chapter |6 pages

*** 2-CHLOR0-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE

75-88-7

chapter |2 pages

*** C.l. ACID BLUE 43

4680-78-8

chapter |13 pages

*** C.I. ACID ORANGE 20 (ORANGE 1)

chapter |4 pages

*** C.I. DISPERSE ORANGE 11

82-28-0

chapter |7 pages

*** C.I. MORDANT RED 11

72-48-0

chapter |8 pages

*** C.I. REACTIVE YELLOW 14

18976-74-4 C.l. REACTIVE YELLOW 39

chapter |6 pages

*** CINNAMYL ANTHRANILATE

87-29-6

chapter |13 pages

*** COPPER 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE

10380-28-6

chapter |2 pages

*** DACARBAZINE

chapter |8 pages

*** DAUNOMYCIN

chapter |4 pages

*** 2,4-DIAMINOPHENOL:2HCL

137-09-7

chapter |25 pages

*** DIAZEPAM

439-14-5

chapter |15 pages

*** 3,4-DICHLORONITROBENZENE

99-54-7

chapter |2 pages

*** DIMETHOATE

60-51-5

chapter |21 pages

*** 3,3'-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE-4,4'-DIISOCYANATE

91-93-0

chapter |1 pages

*** 1,1-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

chapter |16 pages

*** 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYLPHENOL

128-39-2

chapter |3 pages

*** ETHYL AURAMINE NITRATE

43130-12-7

chapter |11 pages

*** ETIIYLENEBIS TRIS (2-CYANOETHYL)

PHOSPHONIUM BROMIDE

chapter |2 pages

*** ETHYLTOLUENES

25550-14-5

chapter |12 pages

*** FERBAM

14484-64-1

chapter |3 pages

*** FUROSEMIDE

54-31-9

chapter |1 pages

*** GLU-P-2(2-AMINOPYRID0)1,2-A:3'2-D(IMIDAZOLE)

67730-10-3

chapter |22 pages

*** GLYCIDALDEHYDE

765-34-4

chapter |3 pages

*** HYDRALAZINE

86-54-4

chapter |35 pages

*** HYDROGEN FLUORIDE

chapter |39 pages

*** MEA-A-C(2-AMIN0-3-METHYL-9H-

26148-68-5 PYRID0(2,3-B)INOOLE

chapter |3 pages

*** MICA DUST

chapter |2 pages

*** MONOLINURON

1746-81-2

chapter |10 pages

*** N-METHYLOLACRYLAMIDE

chapter |22 pages

*** NIRIDAZOLE

chapter |9 pages

*** N'-NITROSOANABASINE (NAB)

37620-20-5

chapter |5 pages

*** N-NITROSOMETHYLETHYLAMINE

chapter |6 pages

*** N-NITROSONORNICOTINE

chapter |2 pages

*** NORETHISTERONE ACETATE

51-98-9

chapter |13 pages

*** OCHRATOXIN A

chapter |3 pages

*** PENTACHLOROPHENOL

chapter |6 pages

*** PERCHLOROETHYLENE

127-18-4

chapter |4 pages

*** PETROLEUM MINERAL AND CRUDE OILS

8002-05-9

chapter |2 pages

*** PHENANTHRENE

85-01-8

chapter |6 pages

*** PHENFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

114-86-3

chapter |3 pages

*** M-PHENYLENEDIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

541-69-5

chapter |9 pages

*** PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

61-76-7 PHENYLHYDRAZINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE

chapter |2 pages

*** PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE

51-03-6

chapter |14 pages

*** POLYCHWRINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB'S)

chapter |13 pages

*** PRONAMIDE

23950-58-5

chapter |3 pages

*** QUARTZ

117-39-5

chapter |8 pages

*** RESERPINE

chapter |22 pages

*** SELENIUM SULFIDE

7446-34-6

chapter |28 pages

*** IDE

72-54-8

chapter |17 pages

*** 2,6-TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (2,6-IDI)

91-08-7

chapter |2 pages

*** 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL

chapter |5 pages

*** 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE

chapter |7 pages

*** 2,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBUTYROPHENONE (THBP)

1421-63-2 137-17-7

chapter |4 pages

*** TRIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHATE

115-96-8

chapter |1 pages

*** TRP-P-1(3-AMIN0-1,4-DIMETHYL-5H-PYRID0-

62450-06-0 (4,3-B)INDOLE) AND ITS ACETATE

chapter |2 pages

*** L-

73-22-3 TRYYfOPHAN

chapter |14 pages

*** VINCRISTINE

57-22-7

chapter |1 pages

*** ZEARALENONE

17924-92-4

chapter |4 pages

*** ZINC

7440-66-6

chapter |44 pages

INDEX A

chapter |43 pages

INDEXB