ABSTRACT
Currently, it is estimated that around 500 million tons of coal ash, of which 80 per cent is PFA,
are generated per annum world wide with approximately 35 per cent utilization, principally in production of lightweight aggregate and brick, as a filler in road construction and in cement and concrete manufacture. An approximate indication of percentages used in cement and concrete manufacture is given in Table 14.1. Differences in percentage utilization between countries is notable and clearly the overall trend is for increasing utilization. This growth is expected to continue not only from the need to dispose of the PFA, but also from an increase in the use of cement and demand on the cement manufacturing industry.
