ABSTRACT
There is a diverse range of laboratory methods used to detect and identify cyanotoxins in water and cyanobacterial cells. These methods can vary greatly in their degree of sophistication and the information they provide. Relatively simple low cost methods can be employed which evaluate rapidly the potential hazard and allow management decisions to be taken. In contrast, highly sophisticated analytical techniques can be employed which determine precisely the identity and quantity of cyanotoxins. Techniques can be selected depending on the facilities and expertise available, coupled with the type of information required. For example, analysis of water for recreational purposes may only require detection of potentially harmful cyanobacteria, whereas ensuring potable water does not exceed guideline levels for cyano toxins may require highly specialised equipment and expertise. Information obtained from simple, rapid screening methods such as microscopic exami nation can be used to make an informed decision on the type of bioassay or physicochemical technique which should be employed. It is important to remember that, currently, there is no single method which can be adopted which will provide adequate monitoring for all cyanotoxins in the increasing range of sample types which have to be evaluated. Selectivity and sensitivity are important criteria for the selection of methods. Figure 13.1 compares three biological and six chemical methods with respect to these criteria.
