ABSTRACT
Subjects judged eye level, defined in three distinct ways relative to three distinct reference planes: (1) a gravitational horizontal, giving the “gravitationally referenced eye level” (GREL); (2) a visible surface, giving the “surface-referenced eye level” (SREL); and (3) a plane fixed with respect to the head, giving the “head-referenced eye level” (HREL). The information available for these judgments was varied by having the subjects view an illuminated target that could be placed in a box which: (1) was pitched at various angles, (2) was illuminated or kept in darkness, (3) was moved to different positions along the subject’s head-to-foot body axis, and (4) was viewed with the subjects upright or reclining. Our results showed: (1) judgments of GREL made in the dark were 2.5° lower than in the light, with a significantly greater variability; (2) judged GREL was shifted approximately half of the way toward SREL when these two eye levels did not coincide; (3) judged SREL was shifted about 12 per cent of the way toward HREL when these two eye levels did not coincide; (4) judged HREL was shifted about half way toward SREL when these two eye levels did not coincide and when the subject was upright (when the subject was reclining, HREL was shifted approximately 90 per cent toward SREL); (5) the variability of the judged HREL in the dark was nearly twice as great with the subject reclining than with the subject upright. These results indicate that gravity is an important source of information for judgment of eye level. In the absence of information concerning the direction of gravity, the ability to judge HREL is extremely poor. A visible environment does not seem to afford precise information as to judgments of direction, but it probably does afford significant information as to the stability of these judgments.
