ABSTRACT

Any embedded system more complex than a television has sensors that go out and measure some of these real-world events. It often controls actuators whose job it is to alter these events, so again, even though one may wish it to be otherwise, the behavior of real-world events is described by calculus. Every feedback loop, every PID controller, every low-pass or highpass filter, every simulation (even your favorite action game), and every fast Fourier transform (FFf) is a case of calculus in action.