ABSTRACT
The wireless network includes global voice and data networks that allow users to establish long-range wireless connections, as well as infrared and radio frequency technologies optimized for short-range wireless communication. The infrastructure-based wireless network can be divided into wireless personal area network, wireless metropolitan area network, wireless local area network, and wireless wide area network. It can also be divided into wireless ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and wireless mesh networks. Ad hoc networks have more special properties and characteristics than other networks. The ad hoc network architecture can generally be divided into five layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer. The application field of ad hoc networks is distinguished from ordinary communication networks. Advances in microelectronics, computing, and wireless communications led to the rapid development of low-power multifunctional sensors that can integrate information acquisition, data processing, and wireless communications in a small space, and thus WSN emerged.
