ABSTRACT
International System (SI) Mass Kilogram Time Second Temperature Kelvin Force Newton ൌ ሺKilogram · Meterሻ Secondଶ⁄ Pressure Pascal ൌ Newton Meterଶ⁄ Energy Joule ൌ Newton · Meter Power Watt ൌ Joule Second⁄ Density Kilogram Meterଷ⁄ Frequency Hertz ൌ 1 Second⁄
U.S. Customary System (USCS) Length Foot Mass Slug Time Second Temperature Rankine Force Pound ൌ ሺSlug · Footሻ Secondଶ⁄ Pressure Pound Footଶ⁄ Energy Foot · Pound Power ሺFoot · Poundሻ Second⁄ Density Slug Footଷ⁄ Frequency Hertz ൌ 1 Second⁄
Electromagnetic Units Part of the SI system but used in the U.S. and Metric Countries Electric Current Ampere Electric Potential Volt ൌ Watt Ampere⁄ Electric Resistance Ohm ൌ Volt Ampere⁄ Electric Charge Coulomb ൌ Ampere · Second Capacitance Farad ൌ Coulomb Volt⁄ Magnetic Flux Weber ൌ Volt · Second Inductance Henry ൌ Weber Ampere⁄ Magnetic Flux Density Tesla ൌ Weber Meterଶ⁄
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors acre 4.04686 ∙ 10 hectares 4.35600 ∙ 104 square feet 4.04686 ∙ 10-3 square kilometers 4.04686 ∙ 103 square meters 1.56250 ∙ 10-3 square miles 4.84000 ∙ 103 square yards ampere 1.00000 coulomb/second ampere-second 1.00000 coulomb angstrom 1.00000 ∙ 10-8 centimeters 3.93701 ∙ 10-9 inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-10 meters 1.00000 ∙ 10-4 micrometers 1.00000 ∙ 10-7 millimeters are 2.47105 ∙ 10-2 acres 1.00000 ∙ 10-2 hectares 1.07639 ∙ 103 square feet 1.00000 ∙ 102 square meters 3.86102 ∙ 10-5 square miles 1.19599 ∙ 102 square yards astronomical unit 4.90807 ∙ 1011 feet 1.49598 ∙ 108 kilometers 1.58125 ∙ 10-5 light years (Julian) 1.49598 ∙ 1011 meters 9.29558 ∙ 107 miles 4.84814 ∙ 10-6 parsec atmosphere 1.01325 bars 1.01325 ∙ 106 dynes/square centimeter 2.99213 ∙ 10 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 4.06783 ∙ 102 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.01325 ∙ 105 pascals 2.11622 ∙ 103 pounds/square foot 1.46960 ∙ 10 pounds/square inch 6.80873 ∙ 104 poundals/square foot 7.60000 ∙ 102 torr
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) bar 9.86923 ∙ 10 atmospheres 1.00000 ∙ 106 dynes/square centimeter 2.95300 ∙ 10 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 4.01463 ∙ 102 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.00000 ∙ 105 pascals 2.08854 ∙ 103 pounds/square foot 1.45038 ∙ 10 pounds/square inch 6.71969 ∙ 104 poundals/square foot 7.50062 ∙ 102 torr
barn 1.00000 ∙ 10-24 square centimeters 1.00000 ∙ 10-8 square angstroms
barrel 4.20000 ∙ 10 gallons (U.S.) (U.S. oil) 1.58987 ∙ 102 liters
British thermal unit 2.51996 ∙ 102 calories 1.05506 ∙ 1010 ergs 7.78169 ∙ 102 foot-pounds 1.05506 ∙ 103 joules 2.93071 ∙ 10-4 kilowatt-hours
British thermal unit/ 1.05506 ∙ 1010 ergs/second second 7.78169 ∙ 102 foot-pounds/second 1.41485 horsepower 1.05506 ∙ 103 watts
cable length 1.20000 ∙ 102 fathoms (U.S. Navy) 7.20000 ∙ 102 feet 2.19456 ∙ 102 meters
calorie 3.96832 ∙ 10-3 British thermal units 4.18680 ∙ 107 ergs 3.08803 foot-pounds 4.18680 joules 1.16300 ∙ 10-6 kilowatt-hours
candela 1.00000 lumen/steradian
candela-steradian 1.00000 lumen
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) carat 2.00000 ∙ 10 grams 2.00000 ∙ 102 milligrams 7.05479 ∙ 10-3 ounces 6.43015 ∙ 10-3 ounces (troy) centimeter 1.00000 ∙ 108 angstroms 3.28084 ∙ 10-2 feet 3.93701 ∙ 10-1 inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-2 meters 1.00000 ∙ 10 millimeters 1.09361 ∙ 10-2 yards centipoise 1.00000 ∙ 10-2 dyne-seconds/
square centimeter 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 newton-seconds/square meter 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 pascal-seconds 1.00000 ∙ 10-2 poise chain 6.60000 ∙ 10 feet (surveyor) 1.00000 ∙ 10-1 furlongs (surveyor) 1.00000 ∙ 102 links (surveyor) 2.01168 ∙ 10 meters 4.00000 rods (surveyor) 2.20000 ∙ 10 yards cord 1.28000 ∙ 102 cubic feet 3.62456 cubic meters coulomb 1.00000 ampere-second coulomb/second 1.00000 ampere cubic centimeter 3.53147 ∙ 10-5 cubic feet 6.10237 ∙ 10-2 cubic inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-6 cubic meters 1.30795 ∙ 10-6 cubic yards 4.22675 ∙ 10-3 cups (U.S.) 2.64172 ∙ 10-4 gallons (U.S.) 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 liters 3.38140 ∙ 10-2 ounces (U.S. fl) 2.11338 ∙ 10-3 pints (U.S.) 1.05669 ∙ 10-3 quarts (U.S.)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) cubic decimeter 1.00000 liter cubic foot 7.81250 ∙ 10-3 cords 2.83168 ∙ 104 cubic centimeters 1.72800 ∙ 103 cubic inches 2.83168 ∙ 10-2 cubic meters 3.70370 ∙ 10-2 cubic yards 2.83168 ∙ 10 liters cubic inch 1.63871 ∙ 10 cubic centimeters 5.78704 ∙ 10-4 cubic feet 1.63871 ∙ 10-5 cubic meters 2.14335 ∙ 10-5 cubic yards 6.92641 ∙ 10-2 cups (U.S.) 4.32900 ∙ 10-3 gallons (U.S.) 1.63871 ∙ 10-2 liters 5.54113 ∙ 10-1 ounces (U.S. fl) 3.46320 ∙ 10-2 pints (U.S.) 1.73160 ∙ 10-2 quarts (U.S.) cubic meter 2.75896 ∙ 10-1 cords 1.00000 ∙ 106 cubic centimeters 3.53147 ∙ 10 cubic feet 6.10237 ∙ 104 cubic inches 1.30795 cubic yards 1.00000 ∙ 103 liters cubic yard 7.64555 ∙ 105 cubic centimeters 2.70000 ∙ 10 cubic feet 4.66560 ∙ 104 cubic inches 7.64555 ∙ 10-1 cubic meters 7.64555 ∙ 102 liters cup 2.36588 ∙ 102 cubic centimeters (U.S.) 1.44375 ∙ 10 cubic inches 6.25000 ∙ 10-2 gallons (U.S.) 2.36588 ∙ 10-1 liters 8.00000 ounces (U.S. fl) 5.00000 ∙ 10-1 pints (U.S.) 2.50000 ∙ 10-1 quarts (U.S.)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) curie 3.70000 ∙ 10 disintegrations/second
day 2.40000 ∙ 10 hours 1.44000 ∙ 103 minutes 8.64000 ∙ 104 seconds 2.73785 ∙ 10-3 years (Julian)
degree 6.00000 ∙ 10 minutes (angle) (angle) 1.74533 ∙ 10-2 radians 2.77778 ∙ 10-3 revolutions 3.60000 ∙ 103 seconds (angle)
dram 4.55729 ∙ 10-1 drams (apothecaries) (avoirdupois) 2.73438 ∙ 10 grains 1.77185 grams 6.25000 ∙ 10-2 ounces 5.69661 ∙ 10-2 ounces (troy) 1.13932 pennyweight (troy) 3.90625 ∙ 10-3 pounds 4.74718 ∙ 10-3 pounds (troy) 1.36719 scruples (apothecaries)
dram 2.19429 drams (avoirdupois) (apothecaries) 6.00000 ∙ 10 grains 3.88793 grams 1.37143 ∙ 10-1 ounces 1.25000 ∙ 10-1 ounces (troy) 2.50000 pennyweight (troy) 8.57143 ∙ 10-3 pounds 1.04167 ∙ 10-2 pounds (troy) 3.00000 scruples (apothecaries)
dyne 1.00000 ∙ 10-5 newtons 3.59694 ∙ 10-5 ounces 2.24809 ∙ 10-6 pounds
dyne-centimeter 1.00000 ergs
dyne-second/ square centimeter
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) dyne/ 9.86923 ∙ 10 atmospheres square centimeter 1.00000 ∙ 10-6 bars 2.95300 ∙ 10-5 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 4.01463 ∙ 10-4 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.00000 ∙ 10-1 pascals 2.08854 ∙ 10-3 pounds/square foot 1.45038 ∙ 10-5 pounds/square inch 6.71969 ∙ 10-2 poundals/square foot 7.50062 ∙ 10-4 torr electron volt 1.60218 ∙ 10-12 ergs 1.60218 ∙ 10-19 joules 1.00000 ∙ 10-6 mega electron volts erg 9.47817 ∙ 10-11 British thermal units 2.38846 ∙ 10-8 calories 1.00000 dyne-centimeters 6.24151 ∙ 1011 electron volts 7.37562 ∙ 10-8 foot-pounds 1.00000 ∙ 10-7 joules 2.77778 ∙ 10-14 kilowatt-hours 6.24151 ∙ 105 mega electron volts erg/second 9.47817 ∙ 10-11 British thermal units/second 7.37562 ∙ 10-8 foot-pounds/second 1.34102 ∙ 10-10 horsepower 1.00000 ∙ 10-7 watts fathom 8.33333 ∙ 10-3 cable lengths (U.S. Navy) 6.00000 feet 1.82880 meters
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) foot 1.38889 ∙ 10 cable lengths (U.S. Navy) 3.04800 ∙ 10 centimeters 1.51515 ∙ 10-2 chains (surveyor) 1.51515 ∙ 10-3 furlong (surveyor) 1.20000 ∙ 10 inches 3.04800 ∙ 10-4 kilometers 1.51515 links (surveyor) 3.04800 ∙ 10-1 meters 1.89394 ∙ 10-4 miles 6.06059 ∙ 10-2 rods (surveyor) 3.33333 ∙ 10-1 yards
foot-pound 1.28507 ∙ 10-3 British thermal units 3.23832 ∙ 10-1 calories 1.35582 ∙ 107 ergs 1.35582 joules 3.76616 ∙ 10-7 kilowatt-hours
foot-pound/ 1.28507 ∙ 10-3 British thermal units/second second 1.35582 ∙ 107 ergs/second 1.81818 ∙ 10-3 horsepower 1.35582 watts
foot/second 1.09728 kilometers/hour 3.04800 ∙ 10-4 kilometers/second 5.92484 ∙ 10-1 knots 3.04800 ∙ 10-1 meters/second 6.81818 ∙ 10-1 miles/hour 1.89394 ∙ 10-4 miles/second
furlong 1.00000 ∙ 10 chains (surveyor) (surveyor) 6.60000 ∙ 102 feet 1.00000 ∙ 103 links (surveyor) 2.01168 ∙ 102 meters 4.00000 ∙ 10 rods (surveyor) 2.20000 ∙ 102 yards
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) gallon 3.78541 ∙ 10 cubic centimeters (U.S.) 2.31000 ∙ 102 cubic inches 1.60000 ∙ 10 cups (U.S.) 8.32674 ∙ 10-1 gallon (imperial) 3.78541 liters 1.28000 ∙ 102 ounces (U.S. fl) 8.00000 pints (U.S.) 4.00000 quarts (U.S.) gallon 1.20095 gallons (U.S.) (imperial) 4.54609 liters grain 3.65714 ∙ 10-2 drams (avoirdupois) 1.66667 ∙ 10-2 drams (apothecaries) 6.47989 ∙ 10-2 grams 2.28571 ∙ 10-3 ounces 2.08333 ∙ 10-3 ounces (troy) 4.16667 ∙ 10-2 pennyweights (troy) 1.42857 ∙ 10-4 pounds 1.73611 ∙ 10-4 pounds (troy) 5.00000 ∙ 10-2 scruples (apothecaries) gram 5.00000 carats 5.64383 ∙ 10-1 drams (avoirdupois) 2.57206 ∙ 10-1 drams (apothecaries) 1.54324 ∙ 10 grains 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 kilograms 9.80665 ∙ 10-3 newtons 3.52740 ∙ 10-2 ounces 3.21507 ∙ 10-2 ounces (troy) 6.43015 ∙ 10-1 pennyweights (troy) 2.20462 ∙ 10-3 pounds 2.67923 ∙ 10-3 pounds (troy) 7.71618 ∙ 10-1 scruples (apothecaries)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) hectare 2.47105 acres 1.00000 ∙ 102 ares 1.07639 ∙ 105 square feet 1.00000 ∙ 104 square meters 3.86101 ∙ 10-3 square miles 1.19599 ∙ 104 square yards
horsepower 7.06787 ∙ 10-1 British thermal units/second 7.45700 ∙ 109 ergs/second 5.50000 ∙ 102 foot-pounds/second 7.45700 ∙ 102 watts
hour 6.00000 ∙ 10 minutes 4.16667 ∙ 10-2 days 3.60000 ∙ 103 seconds 1.14077 ∙ 10-4 years (Julian)
inch 2.54000 ∙ 108 angstroms 2.54000 centimeters 8.33333 ∙ 10-2 feet 1.26262 ∙ 10-1 links (surveyor) 2.54000 ∙ 10-2 meters 2.77778 ∙ 10-2 yards
inch of mercury 3.34211 ∙ 10-2 atmospheres (32 oF) (0 oC) 3.38639 ∙ 10-2 bars 3.38639 ∙ 104 dynes/square centimeter 1.35951 ∙ 10 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 3.38639 ∙ 103 pascals 7.07262 ∙ 10 pounds/square foot 4.91154 ∙ 10-1 pounds/square inch 2.27555 ∙ 103 poundal/square foot 2.54000 ∙ 10 torr
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) inch of water 2.45832 ∙ 10 atmospheres (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 2.49089 ∙ 10-3 bars 2.49089 ∙ 103 dynes/square centimeter 7.35559 ∙ 10-2 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0oC) 2.49089 ∙ 102 pascals 5.20233 pounds/square foot 3.61273 ∙ 10-2 pounds/square inch 1.67380 ∙ 102 poundals/square foot 1.86832 torr joule 9.47817 ∙ 10-4 British thermal units 2.38846 ∙ 10-1 calories 6.24151 ∙ 1018 electron volts 1.00000 ∙ 107 ergs 7.37562 ∙ 10-1 foot-pounds 2.77778 ∙ 10-7 kilowatt-hours 6.24151 ∙ 1012 mega electron volts 1.00000 newton-meters 2.38903 ∙ 10-7 thermies 1.00000 watt-seconds joule/second 1.00000 watt kilogram 1.00000 ∙ 103 grams 9.80665 newtons 3.52740 ∙ 10 ounces 2.20462 pounds 6.85218 ∙ 10-2 slugs kilometer 3.28084 ∙ 103 feet 1.79986 ∙ 10-1 leagues (nautical) 1.00000 ∙ 103 meters 6.21371 ∙ 10-1 miles 1.09361 ∙ 103 yards
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) kilometer/hour 9.11344 ∙ 10 feet/second 2.77778 ∙ 10-4 kilometers/second 5.39957 ∙ 10-1 knots 2.77778 ∙ 10-1 meters/second 6.21371 ∙ 10-1 miles/hour 1.72603 ∙ 10-4 miles/second kilometer/second 3.28084 ∙ 103 feet/second 3.60000 ∙ 103 kilometers/hour 1.00000 ∙ 103 meters/second 2.23694 ∙ 103 miles/hour 6.21371 ∙ 10-1 miles/second kilonewton 1.01972 ∙ 102 kilograms 2.24809 ∙ 102 pounds kilowatt-hour 3.41214 ∙ 103 British thermal units 8.59845 ∙ 105 calorie 3.60000 ∙ 1013 ergs 2.65522 ∙ 106 foot-pounds 3.60000 ∙ 106 joules knot 1.68781 feet/second 1.85200 kilometers/hour 5.14444 ∙ 10-1 meters/second 1.15078 miles/hour league 1.82283 ∙ 104 feet (nautical) 5.55600 kilometers 3.00000 nautical miles 3.45234 miles light year 6.32411 ∙ 104 astronomical units (Julian) 9.46073 ∙ 1012 kilometers 5.87863 ∙ 1012 miles 3.06601 ∙ 10-1 parsec
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) link 1.00000 ∙ 10 chains (surveyor) (surveyor) 7.92000 inches 6.60000 ∙ 10-1 feet 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 furlongs (surveyor) 2.01168 ∙ 10-1 meters 4.00000 ∙ 10-2 rods (surveyor) 2.20000 ∙ 10-1 yards liter 1.00000 ∙ 103 cubic centimeters 1.00000 cubic decimeter 3.53147 ∙ 10-2 cubic feet 6.10237 ∙ 10 cubic inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 cubic meters 1.30795 ∙ 10-3 cubic yards 4.22675 cups (U.S.) 2.64172 ∙ 10-1 gallons (U.S.) 2.19969 ∙ 10-1 gallons (imperial) 3.38140 ∙ 10 ounces (U.S. fl) 2.11338 pints (U.S.) 1.05669 quarts (U.S.) lumen 1.00000 candela-steradian lumen/steradian 1.00000 candela mega electron volt 1.00000 ∙ 106 electron volts 1.60218 ∙ 10-6 ergs 1.60218 ∙ 10-13 joules meter 4.55672 ∙ 10-3 cable lengths (U.S. Navy) 1.00000 ∙ 102 centimeters 4.97096 ∙ 10-2 chains (surveyor) 3.28084 feet 4.97096 ∙ 10-3 furlongs (surveyor) 3.93701 ∙ 10 inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 kilometers 4.97096 links (surveyor) 6.21371 ∙ 10-4 miles 1.98838 ∙ 10-1 rods (surveyor) 1.09361 yards
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) meter/second 3.28084 feet/second 3.60000 kilometers/hour 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 kilometers/second 1.94384 knots 2.23694 miles/hour 6.21371 ∙ 10-4 miles/second micrometer 1.00000 ∙ 104 angstroms 1.00000 ∙ 10-4 centimeters 3.93701 ∙ 10-5 inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-6 meters 1.00000 micron micron 1.00000 micrometer mile 5.28000 ∙ 103 feet 6.33600 ∙ 104 inches 1.60934 kilometers 2.89659 ∙ 10-1 leagues (nautical) 1.60934 ∙ 103 meters 8.68976 ∙ 10-1 nautical miles 3.19999 ∙ 102 rods (surveyor) 1.76000 ∙ 103 yards mile/hour 1.46667 feet/second 1.60934 kilometers/hour 4.47040 ∙ 10-4 kilometers/second 8.68976 ∙ 10-1 knots 4.47040 ∙ 10-1 meters/second 2.77778 ∙ 10-4 miles/second mile/second 5.28000 ∙ 103 feet/second 5.79364 ∙ 103 kilometers/hour 1.60934 kilometers/second 1.60934 ∙ 103 meters/second 3.60000 ∙ 103 miles/hour milligram 5.00000 ∙ 10-3 carats 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 grams 3.52740 ∙ 10-5 ounces 3.21507 ∙ 10-5 ounces (troy)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) millimeter 1.00000 ∙ 10 angstroms 1.00000 ∙ 10-1 centimeters 3.93701 ∙ 10-2 inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-3 meters
millimeter of mercury 1.00000 torr (32oF) (0oC)
minute 6.94444 ∙ 10-4 days 1.66667 ∙ 10-2 hours 6.00000 ∙ 10 seconds
minute 1.66667 ∙ 10-2 degrees (angle) (angle) 2.90888 ∙ 10-4 radians 4.62963 ∙ 10-5 revolutions 6.00000 ∙ 10 seconds (angle)
nautical mile 6.07612 ∙ 103 feet 3.33333 ∙ 10-1 leagues (nautical) 1.85200 ∙ 103 meters 1.15078 mile
newton 1.00000 ∙ 105 dynes 1.01972 ∙ 102 grams 1.01972 ∙ 10-1 kilograms 2.24809 ∙ 10-1 pounds 7.23301 poundals
newton-second/ 1.00000 ∙ 103 centipoise square meter 1.00000 ∙ 10 dynes-seconds/
square centimeter 1.00000 pascal-second 1.00000 ∙ 10 poise
newton/ 1.00000 pascal square meter
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) ounce 2.95735 ∙ 10 cubic centimeters (U.S. fl) 1.80469 cubic inches 1.25000 ∙ 10-1 cups (U.S) 7.81250 ∙ 10-3 gallons (U.S.) 2.95735 ∙ 10-2 liters 6.25000 ∙ 10-2 pints (U.S.) 3.12500 ∙ 10-2 quarts (U.S.) ounce 1.41748 ∙ 102 carats 1.60000 ∙ 10 drams (avoirdupois) 7.29167 drams (apothecaries) 2.78014 ∙ 104 dynes 4.37500 ∙ 102 grains 2.83495 ∙ 10 grams 2.83495 ∙ 10-2 kilograms 9.11458 ∙ 10-1 ounces (troy) 1.82292 ∙ 10 pennyweights (troy) 6.25000 ∙ 10-2 pounds 7.59549 ∙ 10-2 pounds (troy) 2.18750 ∙ 10 scruples (apothecaries) 1.94256 ∙ 10-3 slugs ounce 1.55517 ∙ 102 carats (troy) 1.75543 ∙ 10 drams (avoirdupois) 8.00000 drams (apothecaries) 4.80000 ∙ 102 grains 3.11035 ∙ 10 grams 1.09714 ounces 2.00000 ∙ 10 pennyweights (troy) 6.85714 ∙ 10-2 pounds 8.33333 ∙ 10-2 pounds (troy) 2.40000 ∙ 10 scruples (apothecaries) 2.13127 ∙ 10-3 slugs
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) pascal 9.86923 ∙ 10 atmospheres 1.00000 ∙ 10-5 bars 1.00000 ∙ 10 dynes/square centimeter 2.95300 ∙ 10-4 inches of mercury (320 F) (0 oC) 4.01463 ∙ 10-3 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.00000 newton/square meter 2.08854 ∙ 10-2 pounds/square foot 1.45038 ∙ 10-4 pounds/square inch 6.72969 ∙ 10-1 poundals/square foot 7.50062 ∙ 10-3 torr pascal-seconds 1.00000 ∙ 103 centipoise 1.00000 newton-second/square meter 1.00000 ∙ 10 poise parsec 2.06265 ∙ 105 astronomical units 1.01236 ∙ 1017 feet 3.08568 ∙ 1013 kilometers 3.26156 light years (Julian) 3.08568 ∙ 1016 meters 1.91735 ∙ 1013 miles pennyweight 8.77714 ∙ 10-1 drams (avoirdupois) (troy) 4.00000 ∙ 10-1 drams (apothecaries) 2.40000 ∙ 10 grains 1.55517 grams 5.48571 ∙ 10-2 ounces 5.00000 ∙ 10-2 ounces (troy) 3.42857 ∙ 10-3 pounds 4.16667 ∙ 10-3 pounds (troy) pieze 1.00000 ∙ 103 newtons/square meter pint 4.73176 ∙ 102 cubic centimeters (U.S.) 2.88750 ∙ 10 cubic inches 2.00000 cups (U.S) 1.25000 ∙ 10-1 gallons (U.S.) 4.73176 ∙ 10-1 liters 1.60000 ∙ 10 ounces (U.S. fl) 5.00000 ∙ 10-1 quarts (U.S.)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) poise 1.00000 ∙ 10 centipoise 1.00000 dyne-second/
square centimeter 1.00000 ∙ 10-1 pascal-second pound 2.56000 ∙ 102 drams (avoirdupois) 1.16667 ∙ 102 drams (apothecaries) 4.44822 ∙ 105 dynes 7.00000 ∙ 103 grains 4.53592 ∙ 102 grams 4.53592 ∙ 10-1 kilograms 4.44822 ∙ 10-3 kilonewtons 4.44822 newtons 1.60000 ∙ 10 ounces 1.45833 ∙ 10 ounces (troy) 2.91667 ∙ 102 pennyweights (troy) 1.21528 pound (troy) 3.21740 ∙ 10 poundals 3.50000 ∙ 102 scruples (apothecaries) 3.10810 ∙ 10-2 slugs pound 2.10651 ∙ 102 drams (avoirdupois) (troy) 9.60000 ∙ 10 drams (apothecaries) 5.76000 ∙ 103 grains 3.73242 ∙ 102 grams 1.31657 ∙ 10 ounces 1.20000 ∙ 10 ounces (troy) 2.40000 ∙ 102 pennyweights (troy) 8.22857 ∙ 10-1 pounds 2.88000 ∙ 102 scruples (apothecaries)
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) pound/ 4.72541 ∙ 10 atmospheres square foot 4.78803 ∙ 10-4 bars 4.78803 ∙ 102 dynes/square centimeter 1.41390 ∙ 10-2 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 1.92222 ∙ 10-1 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 4.78803 ∙ 10 pascals 6.94444 ∙ 10-3 pounds/square inch 3.21740 ∙ 10 poundals/square foot 3.59131 ∙ 10-1 torr pound/ 6.80460 ∙ 10-2 atmospheres square inch 6.89476 ∙ 10-2 bars 6.89476 ∙ 104 dynes/square centimeter 2.03602 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 2.76799 ∙ 10 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 6.89476 ∙ 103 pascals 1.44000 ∙ 102 pounds/square foot 4.63306 ∙ 103 poundals/square foot 5.17149 ∙ 10 torr poundal 1.38255 ∙ 10-1 newtons 3.10809 ∙ 10-2 pounds poundal/ 1.46870 ∙ 10-5 atmospheres square foot 1.48816 ∙ 10-5 bars 1.48816 ∙ 10 dynes/square centimeter 4.39455 ∙ 10-4 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 5.97443 ∙ 10-3 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.48816 pascals 3.10809 ∙ 10-2 pounds/square foot 2.15840 ∙ 10-4 pounds/square inch 1.11621 ∙ 10-2 torr
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) quart 9.46353 ∙ 10 cubic centimeters (U.S.) 5.77500 ∙ 10 cubic inches 4.00000 cups (U.S.) 2.50000 ∙ 10-1 gallons (U.S.) 9.46353 ∙ 10-1 liters 3.20000 ∙ 10 ounces (U.S. fl) 2.00000 pints (U.S.)
radian 5.72958 ∙ 10 degrees (angle) 3.43775 ∙ 103 minutes (angle) 1.59155 ∙ 10-1 revolution 2.06265 ∙ 105 seconds (angle)
revolution 3.60000 ∙ 102 degrees (angle) 2.16000 ∙ 104 minutes (angle) 6.28319 radians 1.29600 ∙ 106 seconds (angle)
rod 2.50000 ∙ 10-1 chains (surveyor) (surveyor) 1.65000 ∙ 10 feet 2.50000 ∙ 10-2 furlongs (surveyor) 2.50000 ∙ 10 links (surveyor) 5.02921 meters 5.50001 yards
scruple 7.31429 ∙ 10-1 drams (avoirdupois) (apothecaries) 3.33333 ∙ 10-1 drams (apothecaries) 2.00000 ∙ 10 grains 1.29598 grams 4.57143 ∙ 10-2 ounces 4.16667 ∙ 10-2 ounces (troy) 2.85714 ∙ 10-3 pounds 3.47222 ∙ 10-3 pounds (troy)
second 1.15741 ∙ 10-5 days 2.77778 ∙ 10-4 hours 1.66667 ∙ 10-2 minutes
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) second 2.77778 ∙ 10 degrees (angle) (angle) 1.66667 ∙ 10-2 minutes (angle) 4.84814 ∙ 10-6 radians 7.71605 ∙ 10-7 revolutions slug 1.45939 ∙ 104 grams 1.45939 ∙ 10 kilograms 5.14785 ∙ 102 ounces 4.69205 ∙ 102 ounces (troy) 3.21740 ∙ 10 pounds square centimeter 1.00000 ∙ 1024 barns 1.07639 ∙ 10-3 square feet 1.55000 ∙ 10-1 square inches 1.00000 ∙ 10-4 square meters 1.00000 ∙ 102 square millimeters square foot 2.29568 ∙ 10-5 acres 9.29030 ∙ 10-6 hectares 9.29030 ∙ 102 square centimeters 1.44000 ∙ 102 square inches 9.29030 ∙ 10-2 square meters 3.58699 ∙ 10-8 square miles 1.11111 ∙ 10-1 square yards square inch 6.45160 square centimeters 6.94444 ∙ 10-3 square feet 6.45160 ∙ 10-4 square meters 6.45160 ∙ 102 square millimeters 7.71605 ∙ 10-4 square yards
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) square kilometer 2.47105 ∙ 10 acres 1.07639 ∙ 107 square feet 1.00000 ∙ 106 square meters 3.86101 ∙ 10-1 square miles square meter 2.47105 ∙ 10-4 acres 1.00000 ∙ 10-4 hectares 1.00000 ∙ 104 square centimeters 1.07639 ∙ 10 square feet 1.55000 ∙ 103 square inches 3.86101 ∙ 10-7 square miles 1.19599 square yards square mile 6.40003 ∙ 102 acres 2.59000 ∙ 102 hectares 2.78785 ∙ 107 square feet 2.59000 square kilometers 2.59000 ∙ 106 square meters 3.09761 ∙ 106 square yards square yard 2.06612 ∙ 10-4 acres 8.36127 ∙ 10-5 hectares 9.00000 square feet 1.29600 ∙ 103 square inches 8.36127 ∙ 10-1 square meters 3.22829 ∙ 10-7 square miles stone 6.35029 kilograms 1.40000 ∙ 10 pounds tesla 1.00000 weber/square meter thermie 4.18680 ∙ 106 joules ton 1.01605 ∙ 103 kilograms (long) 2.24000 ∙ 103 pounds
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) ton (tonne) 1.00000 ∙ 10 kilograms (metric) 2.20462 ∙ 103 pounds ton 9.07185 ∙ 102 kilograms (short) 2.00000 ∙ 103 pounds torr 1.31579 ∙ 10-3 atmospheres 1.33322 ∙ 10-3 bars 1.33322 ∙ 103 dynes/square centimeter 3.93701 ∙ 10-2 inches of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 5.35240 ∙ 10-1 inches of water (39.2 oF) (4 oC) 1.00000 millimeter of mercury (32 oF) (0 oC) 1.33322 ∙ 102 pascals 2.78450 pounds/square foot 1.93368 ∙ 10-2 pounds/square inch 8.95885 ∙ 10 poundals/square foot volt-second 1.00000 weber watt 9.47817 ∙ 10-4 British thermal units/second 1.00000 ∙ 107 ergs/second 7.37562 ∙ 10-1 foot-pounds/second 1.34102 ∙ 10-3 horsepower 1.00000 joule/second watt-second 1.00000 joules weber 1.00000 volt-second weber/ampere 1.00000 henry
______________________________________________________________________
Conversion Factors (cont.) yard 9.14400 ∙ 10 centimeters 4.54545 ∙ 10-2 chains (surveyor) 3.00000 feet 4.54545 ∙ 10-3 furlong (surveyor) 3.60000 ∙ 10 inches 9.14400 ∙ 10-4 kilometers 4.54545 links (surveyor) 9.14400 ∙ 10-1 meters 5.68182 ∙ 10-4 miles 1.81818 ∙ 10-1 rods (surveyor) year 3.65250 ∙ 102 days (Julian) 8.76600 ∙ 103 hours 3.15576 ∙ 107 seconds
Note: Conversions from mass to force (i.e., kilograms to pounds) and force to mass are for the surface of the Earth with an acceleration due to gravity of 9.81 m/s2 (32.17 ft/s2)
Kelvin (K) =
ܥ୭ 273.15
Rankine ( ܴ୭ ) = ܨ୭ 459.67
Fahrenheit ( ܨ୭ ) = ቂቀ9 5ൗ ቁ · ሺ ܥ୭ ሻ ቃ 32
Centigrade ( ܥ୭ ) = ቀ5 9ൗ ቁ · ሺ ܨ୭ – 32ሻ
______________________________________________________________________
Unit Definitions (selected) Unit Quantity Definition ampere electric
current Current that produces force of 2 ∙ 10-7 newtons per meter between two parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible cross section placed 1 meter apart
astronomical unit
length Average distance from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun
barn area Nuclear cross section candela luminous
intensity Luminous intensity of a source emitting monochromatic light at a frequency of 540 ∙ 1012 hertz with radiant intensity of 1/683 watt per steradian
coulombs electric charge
Charge accumulated in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere
curie radioactivity 3.7 ∙ 1010 atomic disintegrations per second
dyne force Force that accelerates a mass of 1 gram at the rate of 1 centimeter per second per second
electron volt mass and energy
Energy equivalent to a mass of about 1.782662 ∙ 10-33 gram
farad electric capacitance
Capacitance to store 1 coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between two conductors
henry inductance Mutual inductance of a closed loop in which a current change of 1 ampere per second generates a potential difference of 1 volt
hertz frequency Cycle per second
______________________________________________________________________
Unit Definitions (selected) (cont.) Unit Quantity Definition joule energy Work done from force of 1 newton
moving an object 1 meter in direction of application
light year length Distance light travels in a vacuum in 1 year
lumen luminous flux Total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle
lux illuminance Amount of light illuminating 1 square meter with flux of 1 lumen
meter length Distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 seconds
mole amount of substance
Amount of substance that contains as many substance atoms (or particles) as 12 grams of carbon-12 has atoms
kg-mole amount of substance
Amount of substance that contains as many substance atoms (or particles) as 12 kilograms of carbon-12 has atoms
slug-mole amount of substance
Amount of substance that contains as many substance atoms (or particles) as 12 slugs of carbon-12 has atoms
nautical mile length Average distance on the Earth's surface represented by 1 minute of latitude
ohm resistance Resistance of conductor in which a potential of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere
parsec length Distance at which 1 astronomical unit appears to span 1 arcsecond
pascal pressure Pressure exerted by 1 newton on 1 square meter
______________________________________________________________________
Unit Definitions (selected) (cont.) Unit Quantity Definition pieze pressure 1000 newtons per square meter poise dynamic
viscosity Dynamic viscosity for a force of 1 dyne moving 1 square centimeter of the fluid relative to a second layer 1 centimeter away at a speed of 1 centimeter per second
radian plane angle Angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is the radius of the circle
second time Time taken for 9,192,631,770 resonance vibrations of an atom of cesium-133
slug mass Mass accelerated at 1 foot per second per second by a force of 1 pound
steradian solid angle Solid angle subtended sphere by a part of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the radius of the sphere
tesla magnetic flux density
Field intensity generating 1 newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor
thermie heat energy Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 metric ton of water by 1°C
torr pressure 1/760 atmosphere or 1 millimeter of mercury at 0°C
volt electric potential
Potential of 1 joule per coulomb of charge
watt power Rate of doing work at 1 joule per second weber magnetic flux Flux induced by a current varying at the
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
