ABSTRACT
It is very important to obtain an exact history of the symptoms of renal and urinary tract disease because the kidney, ureter and bladder are not readily accessible for physical examination.
Site Pain from the kidney is felt in the:
■ loin – the space below the 12th rib and the iliac crest
■ renal angle – the angle between the 12th rib and the edge of the erector spinae muscle.
