ABSTRACT
Several trends in the phone market are increasing the difculty of designing antennas for mobile devices. These include wider frequency coverage from 700 MHz to 3.6 GHz for Long Term Evolution (LTE) services and shrinking size allocated to the antenna (remember the telescoping antennas of yesteryear?). The industrial design of smartphones, where the screen takes up nearly all the area and sometimes the case is made of metal-effectively blocking all radio frequency (RF) signals causes further difculty. Thus far, approaches to solving the problem have fallen short of ideal.
