ABSTRACT

Springs are used to exert forces or torques in a mechanism or primarily to store the energy of impact loads. A torsion bar is a straight hollow or solid bar fixed at one end and twisted at the other, where it is supported. This chapter focuses on coiled standard helical tension and compression springs. They provide a push or pull force and are capable of large deflection. In determining the deflection of a closely coiled spring, it is common practice to ignore the effect of direct shear. Round wire is the most often utilized spring materials. End details are four standard types on helical compressive springs. They are plain, plain–ground, squared, and squared–ground. Spring failures under fatigue loads are typical of that in torsional shear. Many spring functions may also be acquired by the elastic bending of thin plates and shells of various shapes and by the blocks of rubber.