Stress and Strain

This chapter provides a review and insight into the stress and strain analyses. Expressions for both stresses and deflections in mechanical elements are developed throughout the text as subject unfolds, after examining their function and general geometric behavior. Axially loaded members are structural and machine elements having straight longitudinal axes and supporting only axial forces. The chapter focuses on stresses arising from various combinations of fundamental loads applied to members and stress concentrations. Tension members are found in bridges, roof trusses, bracing systems, and mechanisms. A shear stress is produced whenever the applied forces cause one section of a body to tend to slide past its adjacent section. Thick-walled cylinders are often used as vessels or pipe lines. The attention is directed toward stress in prismatic bars subject to equal and opposite end torques. A beam is a bar supporting loads applied laterally or transversely to its axis. The chapter concludes with discussions on the states of stress and strain.