ABSTRACT
In the World Drug Report 2014, the United Nations Ofce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that in 2012 between 162 and 324 million people aged 15-64 throughout the world had used an illicit drug, and the average of 183,000 (range: 95,000-226,000) deaths of people aged 15-64 were caused by drug abuse. Among all different kinds of drugs, opiates remain the most prevalent abused in Asia and Europe, and cocaine in the Americas. Others contain cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. Illicit drug abuse can exert profoundly negative effects on an individual’s health, leading to premature death, curtailed quality of life through disability, and infection with HIV and hepatitis B and C. In addition to such outcomes, it also has an extremely severe inuence on society and family. Over the period 2003-2012, the annual global crime rates for personal possession and use have increased due to the increase in the total number of drug users, which uctuate between 3% and 4% all over the world [1]. With the increase of drug abuse (morphine and heroin), drug control and rehabilitation have always been a serious hotspot of society throughout the world, and a big challenge in the eld of medical research.
