ABSTRACT
Arthur Cayley (1821-1895) (Portrait in London by Barraud and Jerrard)
It is interesting to note that the general rules of matrix algebra were first elucidated by the English mathematician Arthur Cayley, Sadlerian professor
of mathematics at Cambridge University. In an important paper, published in 1855, Cayley formally defined the concept of a matrix, introduced the rules of matrix algebra, and examined many of the important properties of matrices.
