ABSTRACT
Geary A. Rummler and Alan P. Brache introduced the concept of white spaces in 1991. White spaces are the areas between the boxes in an organization chart or the area between different functions that do not have ownership. According to Rummler and Brache, the opportunities for improvement are maximum in these places as they do not have any ownership, and efforts taken fall between the cracks. This concept is relevant in the implementation of Lean in an organization.
