ABSTRACT
Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Rus-
sia
Valery V. Tuchin
Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Rus-
sia,
Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control of RAS, Saratov 410028, Russia
21.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
21.2 Structure and Optical Properties of Fibrous Tissues and Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
21.3 Glucose-Induced Optical Clearing Effects in Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
21.4 Glucose-Induced Optical Clearing Effects in Blood and Cellular Structures 679
21.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
This chapter describes tissue and blood optical clearing effects induced by action
of glucose solutions. The main mechanisms of glucose-induced optical clearing are
discussed. Tissue permeation for glucose, glucose delivery, tissue dehydration and
swelling caused by glucose solutions are considered. Optical models of tissues and
blood are presented. Optical clearing properties of fibrous (eye sclera, skin dermis
and dura mater) and cell-structured tissues (liver) are analyzed using spectropho-
tometry, time-and frequency-domain, fluorescence and polarization measurements;
confocal microscopy; two-photon excitation imaging; and OCT. In vitro, ex vivo, and
in vivo studies of a variety of human and animal tissues, as well as cells and blood,
are presented.
