ABSTRACT

Introduction 207

Chemical Structure and Natural Sources of AHAS 208

Biological Activities of Hydroxyacids 209

Effects on Corneocyte Cohesion and Stratum Corneum Functions 210

Peeling and Caustic Effects 211

Hypopigmenting Effect 212

Acne and Pseudofolliculitis Treatment 212

Boosting Physiological Aspects of Skin 213

Safety 214

Conclusions 214

References 214

INTRODUCTION

Hydroxyacids are organic carboxylic acids classified into a-and b-types (AHA and BHA) according to their molecular structure. Both AHAs and

BHAs exhibit almost similar effects. They are used worldwide, most probably

for centuries as dermatological drugs and cosmetic ingredients. Their acceptance

by physicians, cosmetologists, and consumers contrasts with the few independent,

well-controlled studies demonstrating their mechanisms of action and their

long-term effects.