ABSTRACT
Introduction 207
Chemical Structure and Natural Sources of AHAS 208
Biological Activities of Hydroxyacids 209
Effects on Corneocyte Cohesion and Stratum Corneum Functions 210
Peeling and Caustic Effects 211
Hypopigmenting Effect 212
Acne and Pseudofolliculitis Treatment 212
Boosting Physiological Aspects of Skin 213
Safety 214
Conclusions 214
References 214
INTRODUCTION
Hydroxyacids are organic carboxylic acids classified into a-and b-types (AHA and BHA) according to their molecular structure. Both AHAs and
BHAs exhibit almost similar effects. They are used worldwide, most probably
for centuries as dermatological drugs and cosmetic ingredients. Their acceptance
by physicians, cosmetologists, and consumers contrasts with the few independent,
well-controlled studies demonstrating their mechanisms of action and their
long-term effects.