Risk management in smallholder maize cropping

While climate and price variability are associated with variability in farmers profits in professionalized maize production systems (i.e. that of the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Australia), in vulnerable smallholder farming in Africa, the implications of drought and crop failure need to be considered as sources for food insecurity, malnutrition, migration and poverty traps (Wossen and Berger, 2015).