ABSTRACT
Atmospheric CO2 has increased from a pre-industrial concentration of 280 ppm (parts per million) to 403 ppm in 2016 (Dlugokencky and Tans, 2016), while global temperature has increased by 0.90°C from 1880 to 2015 (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2016). These trends suggest a significant change in climate, and further changes are inevitable regardless of efforts to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases (IPCC, 2013).
