ABSTRACT
The structure of the avian defence system, including the immunity components, is similar to its mammalian counterpart regarding organization and mechanisms of action, but with few avian-specific differences. The second edition of avian immunology (Schat et al., 2014) provides complete and detailed description of structure and function of this system. The avian defences and immune system, like in all vertebrates, are multi-layered and can be broken down into two key components: innate and adaptive.
