ABSTRACT
Sheep are an important livestock species for many communities and economies worldwide, serving as a source of food and wool. Food safety, food security, animal health and animal welfare are all adversely affected by infectious diseases of sheep, resulting in lost productivity with consequences for economic stability, public health and well-being. The prevention, treatment and control of infectious diseases of sheep can be achieved in a number of ways, including vaccination, implementation of biosecurity measures, flock management strategies and use of chemotherapeutics. Multiple approaches can be used for maximum effect as a concerted disease control strategy. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases. However, there are many diseases of sheep for which we have no vaccines. Here, we reflect on past successes in vaccinology and discuss how immunology can help us overcome the barriers to development of new vaccines for sheep.
