ABSTRACT
Biology and ecology of rice-feeding insects: foliage feeders E. A. Heinrichs, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; F. E. Nwilene, The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Nigeria; M. Stout, Louisiana State University, USA; B. A. R. Hadi, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), The Philippines; and T. Freitas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Large rice grasshopper (Hieroglyphus banian Fabricius)
4.3 Rice grasshopper (Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss)
4.4 Short-horned grasshoppers
4.5 Variegated grasshopper
4.6 Meadow grasshoppers
4.7 Whitefly
4.8 Rice whitefly
4.9 Spider mite
4.10 Rice thrips
4.11 Rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée)
4.12 Rice leaffolder (Marasmia patnalis Bradley)
4.13 Fijian rice leaffolder
4.14 Rice caseworm
4.15 Green horned caterpillar
4.16 Rice skipper (Parnara guttata Bremer and Grey)
4.17 Rice skipper (Pelopidas mathias F.)
4.18 Rice ear-cutting caterpillar
4.19 The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith)
4.20 Common cutworm
4.21 Rice swarming caterpillar
4.22 Common armyworm (Mythimna unipuncta Haworth)
4.23 Rice green semiloopers
4.24 Green hairy caterpillar
4.25 Rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia prosternalis Deeming)
4.26 Rice leaf miner (Hydrellia griseola Fallen)
4.27 Rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina Ferino)
4.28 South American rice miner
4.29 Leaf miner (Cerodontha orbitona Spencer)
4.30 Paddy stem maggot
4.31 Asian rice hispa
4.32 African rice hispa
4.33 Rice blue beetle
4.34 Rice leaf beetle
4.35 Flea beetle
4.36 Ladybird beetle
4.37 Foliage feeding aphids
4.38 References
There are numerous insect species that feed on the foliage of rice. Many of the species are in the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera, of which the adult beetles, larvae, and nymphs, respectively, feed on the leaves. In addition, sucking insects such as whiteflies and aphids suck sap from the leaves.
