ABSTRACT
ABG, arterial blood gas ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ACKD, acquired cystic kidney disease ADH, antidiuretic hormone ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease AER, albumin excretion rate AFB, acid-fast bacillus AGT, alanine:glyoxalate aminotransferase AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIN, allergic interstitial nephritis AL, immunoglobulin light chains ALT, alanine aminotransferase AMA, arm muscle area AMC, arm muscle circumference ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ARF, acute renal failure ARPKD, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease ASD, atrial septal defect AST, aspartate aminotransferase ATN, acute tubular necrosis AV, arteriovenous AVF, arteriovenous fistula B2M, beta2-microglobulin BRCN, bilateral renal cortical necrosis BUN, blood urea nitrogen C3Nef, C3 nephritic factor CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis CAVH, continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration CAVHD, continuous arteriovenous haemodialysis CCT, cortical collecting tubule CCU, critical care unit CHF, congestive heart failure CMV, cytomegalovirus CNS, central nervous system CRF, chronic renal failure
CPK, creatine phosphokinase CSA, cyclosporin CT, computerised tomography CVA, costovertebral angle CVP, central venous pressure CVVH, continuous venovenous haemofiltration CVVHD, continuous venovenous haemodialysis DMSA, dimercaptosuccinic acid EBV, Ebstein-Barr virus ECG, electrocardiagram EM, electron microscopy ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD, end-stage renal disease ESWL, Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ETO, ethylene oxide FMF, Familial Mediterranean fever FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis GBM, glomerular basement membrane GFR, glomerular filtration rate GN, glomerulonephritis HDL, High density lipoprotein HELLP, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets Hgb, haemoglobinopathy HIV, human immunodeficiency virus HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A HPF, high power field HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography HPV, human papillomaviruses HSP, Henoch-Schönlein purpura HUS, haemolytic uraemic syndrome IGF, insulin-like growth factor IDDM, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus JVP, jugular venous pressure IVP, intravenous pyelogram (also known as intravenous urogram, IVU) KUB, kidney, ureter and bladder LDL, low density lipoprotein
MCD, minimal change disease MCGN, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis MCT, medullary collecting tubule MENII, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Type II MIBG, metaiodobenzylguanidine MIDD, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases MPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis MRI, magnetic resonance imaging NIDDM, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PFD, paired filtration dialysis PT, prothrombin time PTH, parathyroid hormone PTT, partial thromboplastin time RA, rheumatoid arthritis
RTA, renal tubular acidosis SBE, subacute bacterial endocarditis SGA, subjective global assessment SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate ADH SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus SSA, serum amyloid A TALH, thick ascending limb of Henle TBM, tubular basement membrane TGF, tumour growth factor TTKG, transtubular potassium gradient TURP, transurethral resection of prostate UKM, urea kinetic modelling UTI, urinary tract infection VCUG, voiding cystourethrogram VLDL, very low density lipoprotein VURD, valves, unilateral reflux and dysplasia WBC, white blood cell
