ABSTRACT
Symptomatic urinary tract infections are more severe in diabetics and may be complicated by papillary necrosis, acute pyelonephritis, or perirenal abscess formation.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Type 1 diabetics with nephropathy almost invariably have other signs of diabetic microvascular disease such as retinopathy (52, 53) and neuropathy. The relation of retinopathy to nephropathy is not so consistent in type 2 diabetes. Uremic polyneuropathy is often superimposed on the diabetic neuropathy. There is a ‘glove and stocking’ pattern of loss of sensation. Neuropathic foot lesions are due to lack of sensation causing recurrent trauma. Autonomic neuropathy is a common and troublesome problem affecting bowel, bladder, and sexual function.
