ABSTRACT
If histopathologic analysis confirms neoplasia, then re-examination every 3-4 months is recommended. If the tumor is malignant, then thoracic radiographs (three views) are also made and adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiation is considered. Fifty percent of canine mammary tumors are benign and approximately half of malignant tumors can be removed before they spread; thus effectively, a durable remission can be achieved for 75% of canine mammary tumors with early aggressive surgery. For the remaining 25% of cases, metastasis and death will occur on average within a year (range 2-24+ months).
