ABSTRACT

Preface (First Edition) 6

Preface (Second Edition) 7

Contributors 8

Abbreviations 8

Key to Symbols 10

1 Basic Immunology 11 M. J. Day Introduction 11 The immune system: an overview 11 Antigens 12 Antibodies (immunoglobulins) 14 Antigen-antibody interactions 16 Complement 16 Cells of the immune system 21 Tissues of the immune system 29 Lymphocyte recirculation 34 The major histocompatibility complex 36 Cytokines 39 T lymphocytes 41 B lymphocytes 45 Antigen presentation 46 T lymphocyte activation 50 B lymphocyte activation 52 Cytotoxicity 53 Immunoregulation 54 Immunological memory 57 Immunological tolerance 58 Age-related changes in the immune system 58 Further reading 59

2 Immunopathological Mechanisms 61 M. J. Day Introduction 61 Type I hypersensitivity 62 Type II hypersensitivity 66 Type III hypersensitivity 67 Type IV hypersensitivity 69 Superantigens 73 Amyloidosis 73 Further reading 74

3 The Basis of Immune-Mediated Disease 75 M. J. Day The spectrum and interrelationship

of immune-mediated disease 75 Immunological mechanisms underlying

allergic disease 76 Immunological mechanisms underlying

autoimmune disease 78 Genetic defects underlying

immunodeficiency disease 88 The induction of lymphoid neoplasia 88 Major histocompatibility complex and

other genetic associations with immune-mediated disease 90

Further reading 93

4 Immune-Mediated Haematological Disease 94 M. J. Day and A. J. Mackin Introduction 94 Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia

in the dog 94 Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia

in the cat 106 Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

in the dog 108 Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

in the cat 114 Cold agglutinin disease 115 Immune-mediated neutropenia

in the dog 115 Feline blood group antigens 115 Canine blood group antigens 116 Blood transfusion reactions 117 Blood transfusion protocol 119 Neonatal isoerythrolysis 119 Further reading 120

5 Immune-Mediated Skin Disease 122 M. J. Day and S. E. Shaw Introduction 122 Cutaneous disease caused by type I

hypersensitivity 124 Contact hypersensitivity 142 Cutaneous vasculitis 145 Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid 148

Dermatomyositis 160 Dermatouveitis 162 Erythema multiforme and toxic

epidermal necrolysis 162 Sebaceous adenitis 165 Alopecia areata 166 Pseudopelade 167 Canine granulomatous mural folliculitis 168 Plasma cell pododermatitis 168 Feline atrophic auricular polychondritis 169 Further reading 170

6 Immune-Mediated Musculoskeletal and Neurological Disease 172 M. J. Day and D. Bennett Introduction 172 Immune-mediated polyarthritis 172 Myositis 190 Myasthenia gravis 193 Polyneuritis 195 Degenerative myelopathy of German

Shepherd Dogs 196 Granulomatous meningoencephalitis 197 Necrotizing meningoencephalitis 197 Necrotizing leukoencephalitis 197 Greyhound meningoencephalitis 198 Polyarteritis nodosa 198 Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis 199 Further reading 199

7 Immune-Mediated Alimentary Disease 201 M. J. Day and E. J. Hall Gastrointestinal immunology 201 Immune-mediated gastrointestinal

disease 204 Immune-mediated hepatic disease 221 Immune-mediated disease of the

exocrine pancreas 225 Further reading 225

8 Immune-Mediated Respiratory and Cardiac Disease 228 M. J. Day and C. Clercx The respiratory immune system 228 Immune-mediated respiratory disease 230 Immune-mediated cardiac disease 238 Further reading 239

M. J. Day and S. E. Shaw Introduction 241 Canine hypothyroidism 241 Feline hyperthyroidism 246 Lymphocytic parathyroiditis 246 Diabetes mellitus 247 Hypoadrenocorticism 249 Polyendocrine disease 250 Further reading 250

10 Immune-Mediated Urinary and Reproductive Disease 251 M. J. Day and A. J. Mackin Introduction 251 Immune complex glomerulonephritis 251 Glomerular basement membrane

autoimmunity 259 Chronic interstitial nephritis 259 Reproductive immunology 260 Further reading 262

11 Immune-Mediated Ocular Disease 263 M. J. Day and S. M. Crispin Ocular immunity 263 Immune-mediated conjunctival disease 264 Immune-mediated diseases of the

cornea 270 Immune-mediated diseases of the uvea 275 Immune-mediated diseases of the

canine retina 281 Immune-mediated diseases of the

canine sclera and episclera 282 Further reading 286

12 Immunodeficiency Disease 287 M. J. Day Introduction 287 Secondary immunodeficiency 287 Primary immunodeficiency 291 Therapy for immunodeficiency disease 313 Further reading 313

M. J. Day and J. M. Dobson Introduction 315 Lymphoma 318 Lymphomatoid granulomatosis 337 Lymphoid leukaemia 338 Multiple myeloma 339 Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia 342 Plasmacytoma 342 Myeloproliferative disease 342 Histiocytoma 344 Cutaneous and systemic histiocytosis 346 Histiocytic sarcoma 346 Mast cell tumour 349 Systemic mastocytosis 354 Further reading 354

14 Multisystem and Intercurrent ImmuneMediated Disease 356 M. J. Day Introduction 356 Systemic lupus erythematosus 356 Autoimmunity and lymphoma 363 Myasthenia gravis and thymoma 364 IgA deficiency, hypersensitivity and

autoimmunity 367 Further reading 368

15 Diseases of Lymphoid Tissue 369 M. J. Day Introduction 369 Diseases of the thymus 369 Lymph node diseases 374 Diseases of lymphatic vessels 382 Diseases of the tonsil 384 Diseases of the spleen 384 Further reading 390

M. J. Day Introduction 391 Immunomodulatory drugs 391 Monoclonal antibodies in

immunotherapy 398 Antigen-specific immunotherapy 403 Gene therapy 407 Transplantation and stem cell therapy 408 Further reading 411

17 Vaccination 413 M. J. Day Introduction 413 The aim of vaccination 413 Basic requirements of a vaccine 413 Types of vaccine 413 Vaccines of the future 418 Duration of immunity 420 Vaccine licensing 423 Adverse effects of vaccination 424 Vaccine guidelines 429 Further reading 430

Glossary 432

Index 442