ABSTRACT
Physical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can impact their effectiveness in the body and influence formulation development and design. In most cases, it is necessary to reduce particle size, which is frequently accomplished by comminution or milling. This entry provides examples of how milling can be used to achieve particle size control of APIs and the various equipment choices that are available to do so. Also highlighted in this entry are factors of equipment design, industrial hygiene, and safety issues.
