ABSTRACT
One common thread throughout the previous chapter was the central role that political parties play in allowing citizens to participate within the political process. However, there are times within a representative democracy when some politicians get ‘carried away’ with a sense of their own importance and decide upon a course of action that is not part of any manifesto. Sometimes, a course of action may be technically correct, but for the majority of citizens is basically unjust. Sometimes, the elected representatives follow the rules and procedures but their application is not popular with either the majority or a minority of citizens. At other times, the elected representatives may need to be reminded about their role and, when there is no possibility of expressing disapproval through the ballot box, other forms of political participation become necessary.
