ABSTRACT

There is a very real need today for people to know how to approach an understanding of the numerous Acts of Parliament and other forms of legislation, including European Legislation. Neither an Act of Parliament nor European Regulations, decisions or directives can be read without reference to the special rules of interpretation that have evolved and which govern this and indeed govern legislation in all the other forms that it takes today.

chapter |6 pages

HOW AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT IS MADE

What an Act of Parliament is

chapter |5 pages

THE SPECIAL RULES FOR UNDERSTANDING ACTS OF PARLIAMENT

Ambiguity in Acts of Parliament

chapter |1 pages

THE ELEMENTS OF AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT

chapter |1 pages

THE COAT OF ARMS AND THE REGNAL YEAR

The form of the coat of arms and regnal year

chapter |1 pages

THE NUMBER OF THE ACT

The nature of the number

chapter |2 pages

THE LONG TITLE OF THE ACT

The form of the long title

chapter |2 pages

THE ENACTING WORDS

The use of enacting words

chapter |3 pages

THE SHORT TITLE

The nature of the short title

chapter |3 pages

WHEN AN ACT COMES INTO FORCE

The date on the Act of Parliament

chapter |3 pages

THE PREAMBLE

The nature of the preamble

chapter |2 pages

THE STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLE IN AN ACT

What the statement of principle of an Act is

chapter |3 pages

SECTIONS, SUBSECTIONS AND PARAGRAPHS

Sections

chapter |2 pages

PARTS AND DIVISIONS

The nature of parts and divisions

chapter |2 pages

HEADINGS

The use of headings

chapter |3 pages

MARGINAL NOTES

The nature of marginal notes

chapter |5 pages

DEFINITIONS

The need for definitions

chapter |5 pages

SCHEDULES

The nature of a schedule

chapter |2 pages

PROVISOS

The nature of a proviso

chapter |2 pages

PUNCTUATION

Acts of Parliament passed before 1850

chapter |3 pages

THE MEANING OF WORDS NOT DEFINED IN THE ACT

The difficulty of finding the meaning of words

chapter |1 pages

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GENERAL RULES AND THE SPECIFIC RULES

The general rules

chapter |4 pages

THE PLAIN MEANING RULE

The names by which the plain meaning rule is known

chapter |4 pages

MANIFEST ABSURDITY AND INJUSTICE ARE TO BE AVOIDED

The nature of the rule

chapter |4 pages

THE MISCHIEF RULE

The nature of the rule

chapter |5 pages

THE PURPOSE OF THE ACT OF PARLIAMENT

A section specifying the purposes of the Act

chapter |3 pages

HANSARD

The nature of Hansard

chapter |2 pages

USING OTHER MATERIAL FROM OUTSIDE AN ACT TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF THAT ACT

Reports by law reform commissions

chapter |4 pages

THE ACT MUST BE READ AS A WHOLE

Words must be read in the light of the section as a whole

chapter |2 pages

EFFECT MUST BE GIVEN TO THE WHOLE ACT

Words should not be discarded

chapter |2 pages

OMISSIONS FROM THE ACT

The rule as to things left out of the Act

chapter |4 pages

MISTAKES IN AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT

Common causes of mistakes in Acts of Parliament

chapter |4 pages

THE CLASS RULE

The nature of the class rule

chapter |1 pages

WORDS OF SIMILAR MEANING

The nature of the rule

chapter |2 pages

EXPRESS INCLUSIONS AND IMPLIED EXCLUSIONS

The effect of the rule

chapter |3 pages

INTERPRETING AN ACT IN THE LIGHT OF OTHER ACTS

Acts which are related to the Act being considered

chapter |2 pages

ACTS INCONSISTENT WITH EACH OTHER

Conflicts between different Acts of Parliament

chapter 9|7 pages

CLASSES OF ACTS OF PARLIAMENT

Amending Acts